Mycotoxin contamination profiling in coffee bean by targeted LC-HRMS

Abstract

Indonesia is the fourth coffee producer in the world which is 95% produced by smallholder plantations with various ways of processing and storage in the form of green beans and roasted beans. This study aims to analyse the presence of mycotoxin contamination of Menoreh coffee in various storage levels using Liquid Chromatography tandem High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. The analysis of mycotoxin contamination in green beans and roasted beans is crucial to ensure the safety and quality of the coffee for consumption. This study used a random sampling method. The samples tested were Menoreh Robusta coffee bean from two processors in Samigaluh, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that green beans stored in the dryer house for more than 6 months were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), ochratoxin, and patulin with 24.48; 10.98; 57.18 and 16.92 of area max (106), respectively. Samples of broken green beans stored in contaminated warehouses were contaminated with patulin. However, all roasted bean and roasted bean samples that have been mashed do not contain aflatoxin B1, B2, or patulin. Targeted metabolomic using LC-HRMS profiling is a powerful tool for the rapid detection of mycotoxin in coffee bean. This method could be developed for quantitative analysis to provide accurate concentration.