Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by endophytic Fungi: Mechanism, characterization techniques and their applications

Abstract

Fungi are attractive as reducing and stabilizing agents in the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles due to the production of considerable amounts of proteins, high yields, simplicity of handling, and low toxicity of the residues. Nanotechnology is one of the prospective technologies that could be utilized to address the recent issues as agrichemical production lines, nanotechnology production lines can also have drawbacks. As a result, a brand-new branch of nanotechnology called as "green nanotechnology" was developed, integrating biological ideas with physical and chemical procedures to produce nanosized particles with specific uses that are ecologically friendly. Biochemical synthesis methods utilizing microorganisms and plants are being investigated and developed in an effort to create nanoparticles (NPs) in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner. Biological synthesis has grown in favor as a possible alternative to the drawbacks related to physical and chemical methods of synthesis. The current analysis discusses the potential for enhancing plant health and disease resistance using AgNPs produced by endophytic fungi, which will contribute to a greater level of agricultural sustainability. Future research should focus on understanding this important method, it is advised.

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles green biosynthesis from the extract of Zygophyllum album (L.f.) on Fusarium wilt

“…The change of color of silver nanoparticle solution (AgNPs) to yellowish brown in aqueous medium after incubation with moderate stirring at room temperature indicated AgNPs formation. Similar color changes were observed in previous studies (Gezaf et al 2022;Khane et al 2022). The color change of the plant extract was caused by the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles.…”

“…lycopersici (Gomaa et al 2021), F. oxysporium f.sp., betae, Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani (El-Argawy et al 2017), F. oxysporium f.sp., ciceris (ElSharawy et al 2023, and Escherichia coli, Bacillus mycoides and Candida albicans (Othman et al 2019). They have strong antifungal activity against F. graminearum (Gomaa et al 2021;Gezaf et al 2022).…”

Entomopathogenic Fungi: An Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Sustainable Nanoparticles and Their Nanopesticide Properties

“…Fungi are appealing as reducing and stabilizing agents in the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles due to the production of significant amounts of proteins, high productivity, simplicity in handling, and low toxicity of the residues. Furthermore, the nanoparticles are coated with fungus-derived proteins, which can increase stability and possibly provide biological activity [ 82 , 84 ]. Fungal cultures have advantages over bacterial cultures, such as strong biomass generation and the lack of additional procedures needed to collect the filtrate.…”

Multifaceted Applications of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Marine Fungus<em> Aspergillus flavus</em> MK4: Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Wound-Healing Properties

“…Biological methods for creating nanoparticles are the most encouraging of these technologies. [25]. This study delves deeper into the realm of nanoparticle synthesis by focusing on the biological approach utilizing marine fungi specifically isolated from Egypt's Red Sea.…”