Mycosynthesis of iron nanoparticles by Alternaria alternata and its antibacterial activity

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the most emerging fields in the recent years. In the current investigation, we report the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) employing Alternaria alternata fungus, which is an eco-friendly process for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Fe-NPs were synthesized through the reduction of aqueous Fe 3+ ion in the dark conditions. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing iron ion showed a peak at 238 nm and another peak at 265 nm. The forming of nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray. The morphology of nanoparticles is found to be cubic shapes mostly and the average particle diameter as determined by scanning electron microscope was found to be 9±3 nm. Fe-NPs showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria used in this study due to its oxidative damage for bacterial cell wall. Iron nanoparticles show more antimicrobial activity to Bacillus subtilis than Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and Their Environmental Applications and Implications

“…Kaul et al [28] tested five different species of fungi, P. chlamydosporium , A. fumigates , A. wentii , C. lunata and C. globosum , and two bacteria, A. faecalis and B. coagulans , for the production of iron nanoparticles [29]. Another group of researchers, Mohamed et al [30], used Alternaria alternata fungus for production of Fe NPs, which has been characterised by various spectroscopic techniques. The nanoparticles were found to be 9 ± 3 nm having cubic shape.…”

Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) by Alternaria alternata MVSS-AH-5

“…During synthesis of iron nanoparticles the reduction of Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ions to Fe 0 is confirmed by visible color change to brown/black depending of nanoparticles concentration in the reaction mixture. Color change indicated the formation of FeNPs physically (Mohamed et al, 2015;Devatha et al, 2016;Ahmad et al, 2017;Asghar et al, 2018;Fahmy et al, 2018). For the four extracellular filtrates used in this study a brown color was revealed in all samples at the end of the assay, but confirmation of FeNPs was carry out by UV-visible spectrophotometer and analysis TEM.…”

“…2A and 2B). , it´s mentioned that Iron oxide nanoparticles shows peak at 222 nm (Mohamed et al, 2015). During fungal production of FeNPs by biomass of A. alternata two peaks at 238 and 265 nm were detected (Mohamed et al, 2015).…”

“…The FeNPs biosynthesized, were monitored for color change and partially characterized by their UV-vis spectra from 200 to 600 nm. The change in color from pale orange to brown/black and the increased absorbance at 200-500 nm is indicative of FeNPs formation (Mohamed et al, 2015;Devatha et al, 2016).…”

“…2. It was observed that, the number of bands and the intensity of absorption in the region comprising the 200 to 400 nm was broad compared with the intensity of the negative controls, these bands could be indicative of the formation of FeNPs (Mohamed et al, 2015;Devatha et al, 2016). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption transition is the most characteristic part of nanoparticles (Patra et al, 2017).…”