Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Extracted from Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) Ovaries: UV Protection and Growth Stimulation Activities on Human Cells

Abstract

Scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) are extensively cultured and landed in Japan. During the processing of scallops, large amounts of internal organs and shells are discharged as industrial wastes. To reduce the burden on the environment, effective utilization and disposal methods of the wastes are required. Therefore, we have screened for useful materials in scallop internal organs, and found ultraviolet (UV) absorbing compounds from scallop ovaries. Based on UV absorption, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ESI-MS/MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, three UV absorbing compounds were identified as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs): shinorine, porphyra-334 (P-334), and mycosporine-glycine. To investigate whether MAAs can act as a UV protector for human cells, we examined the protective effects of the three MAAs on human fibroblast cells from UV irradiation. All of the three examined MAAs protected the cells from UV-induced cell death. In particular, mycosporine-glycine had the strongest effect. Further, we found a promotion effect of MAAs on the proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells. From these results, it was found that the three MAAs isolated from scallop ovaries have a protective effect on human cells against UV light. MAAs have potential applications in cosmetics and toiletries as a UV protectors and activators of cell proliferation.

Characterization of the chemical diversity of glycosylated mycosporine-like amino acids in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune

“…These compounds were used as authentic standards [39] for the comparison of retention times on HPLC analysis. Hitachi L-4200 UV-VIS detector.…”

“…In the 13 C-NMR spectrum of the 464-Da MAA, the known chemical shifts for shinorine [39,47] were observed in the 464-Da MAA (Table S2). This finding suggests a shinorine scaffold in the 464-Da MAA.…”

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs) Profile of Two Marine Red Macroalgae, Gelidium sp. and Ceramium sp.

“…There is evidence that presence of MAAs (such as shinorine, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-glycine) protect human fibroblast cells from UV irradiation and it was observed that all the three examined MAAs protect the cells from UV-induced cell death (Oyamada et al, 2008). However, mycosporine-glycine was found to be more effective.…”

Cyanobacterial metabolites as a source of sunscreens and moisturizers: a comparison with current synthetic compounds

“…Misonou et al (2003) studied the protective effects of MAAs against DNA damage and found that they were able to effectively block thymine dimer formation by UV radiation. Oyamada et al (2008) examined the protective effects of three different kinds of MAAs (shinorine, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-glycine) on human fibroblast cells and found that all three protected the cells from UV-induced cell death, with mycosporine-glycine having the strongest effect. They also found a promotional effect of MAAs on the proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells, and concluded that these secondary metabolites have potential application in cosmetics and toiletries.…”