Mycorrhizas and soil ecosystem function of co-existing woody vegetation islands at the alpine tree line

Wang, Lixia; Otgonsuren, Burenjargal; Godbold, Douglas L.

doi:10.1007/s11104-016-3047-2

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…In arctic tundra, the composition of taxonomic and functional groups of fungi was changed by long-term summer warming, with species-specific responses to higher air and soil temperatures (Geml et al, 2015;Morgado et al, 2015;Semenova et al, 2015). Although there is limited knowledge about fungal community ecology in treeline ecosystems, recent findings have indicated that the composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community is strongly influenced by host plants, whereas the assemblage of saprotrophs is mainly influenced by local soil properties and ground cover (Va sutov a et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017). Stable isotope tracing at the alpine treeline has also revealed a greater use of old soil organic C than of recently assimilated C by fungi in warmed soils (Streit et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental soil warming shifts the fungal community composition at the alpine treeline

et al. 2017

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Increased CO emissions and global warming may alter the composition of fungal communities through the removal of temperature limitation in the plant-soil system, faster nitrogen (N) cycling and changes in the carbon (C) allocation of host plants to the rhizosphere. At a Swiss treeline featuring Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata, the effects of multiple years of CO enrichment and experimental soil warming on the fungal community composition in the organic horizons were analysed using 454-pyrosequencing of ITS2 amplicons. Sporocarp production and colonization of ectomycorrhizal root tips were investigated in parallel. Fungal community composition was significantly altered by soil warming, whereas CO enrichment had little effect. Tree species influenced fungal community composition and the magnitude of the warming responses. The abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa was positively correlated with N availability, and ectomycorrhizal taxa specialized for conditions of high N availability proliferated with warming, corresponding to considerable increases in inorganic N in warmed soils. Traits related to N utilization are important in determining the responses of ectomycorrhizal fungi to warming in N-poor cold ecosystems. Shifts in the overall fungal community composition in response to higher temperatures may alter fungal-driven processes with potential feedbacks on ecosystem N cycling and C storage at the alpine treeline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental soil warming shifts the fungal community composition at the alpine treeline

et al. 2017

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“…This is in contrast to in vitro studies where similar amounts of fungal biomass are exposed to the assay solution. In contrast to the enzyme activity at the root surface in tree line soils, the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase was similar in soil from under Rhododendron ferrugineum compared to Picea abies or Pinus mugo [27]. Thus, in the field, the high proliferation of ericoid roots [43] or dense root mats [4] compared to the more dispersed ectomycorrhizal roots may compensate for the lower surface area enzyme activity in the ericaceous roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The study site is located in the Wasserberg area of the Stift Heiligenkreuz forest estate near Gaal in the central Alps in Austria. At the tree line, five replicate plots were established between 1668 and 1791 m above sea level on a southeast facing slope (47 • 19 N, 14 • 43 E) [27]. Each plot contained discrete areas dominated by Rhododendron ferrugineum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium myrtillus, or Calluna vulgaris.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substrates for the BG, NAG, AP, LAP, Xyl, Cel, and Glr assays were 4-methylumbelliferone (MUF)-β-D-glucopyranoside, MUF-N-actyl-β-D-glucosamine, MUF-phosphate, L-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride, MUF-xyloside, MUF-cellobioside, and MUF-glucuronide, respectively. For the determination of laccase activity, clear flat-bottom 96-well microfiltration plates (Sarstedt, Newton, NC, USA) were used, and the root tips were incubated in 100 µL of 2,2 -azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS; Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France) solution at 21 • C for 1 h. After incubation, 120 µL of incubation solution was added, and the intensity of the green color that had developed was immediately measured at 420 nm using an xMark™ Microplate Absorbance Spectrophotometer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) [27].…”

Section: Potential Activity Of Extracellular Root Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Root Surface Enzyme Activity of Ericaceous Plants and Picea abies Growing at the Tree Line in the Austrian Alps

Wang

Otgonsuren

Duan

et al. 2018

Forests

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Plants with ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal associations coexist at the tree line and in many boreal forests. Both ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal roots are known to produce extracellular enzymes, but ericoid mycorrhizal fungi have been demonstrated in vitro to have higher enzyme activities. On hair roots of four ericoid mycorrhizal species (Rhododendron ferrugineum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Calluna vulgaris) and on ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root tips of Picea abies growing at the tree line (1700 m) in the Austrian Alps, potential activities of eight extracellular root enzymes were estimated. Our results show that the activities of all the different extracellular root enzymes were generally similar among the ericaceous plant species. The mean laccase enzyme activity of ectomycorrhizal root tips of Picea abies was significantly higher than that of both the hair roots and fine roots of the ericaceous species. Leucine-amino-peptidase activity on hair roots was significantly higher than on non-mycorrhizal fine roots for the ericaceous vegetation. However, the mean activity of β-glucuronidase of the ericaceous species was significantly higher in fine roots compared to the hair roots. Generally extracellular root enzyme activity is not higher on ericaceous roots compared to ectomycorrhizas of Picea abies.

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“…The role of ECM fungi in the forest ecosystem is closely related to its community structure (L. Wang et al., 2017). The diversity of ECM fungi as well as the richness of ECM species can be regarded as important factors in maintaining ecosystem function (Baxter & Dighton, 2001; Leake et al., 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil water regime and nitrogen addition on ectomycorrhizal community structure of Picea asperata seedlings

Xie

Wang

Pang

et al. 2021

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is a fundamental driver in forest ecosystems. Studies of effects of fertilizer treatment on ECM fungal community structure were predominantly based on large, single additions of nitrogen. Studies involving chronic additions of nitrogen in combination with different gradients of water regime are much less common. Aim To investigate effects of water regime and nitrogen addition on the structure and diversity of ECM community, and identify main factors leading to changes in ECM community of Picea asperata. Methods The structure and diversity of the ECM community were assessed by Illumina high throughput sequencing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA extracted from ECM root tips, after 5 years of different gradients of water regimes [40% (W1), 50% (W2), 60% (W3), 80% (W4) and 100% (W5) of field capacity, respectively] and nitrogen additions [0 (N0), 20 (N1), 40 (N2) g N m–2 y–1 by adding ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution]. Results ECM community structure was altered by water and nitrogen treatments. Clearer separations were found under water treatment than under nitrogen treatment. ECM community species richness of N1 was significantly higher than that of N2 under W5 treatment and was significantly influenced by the interaction of water and nitrogen. However, the diversity and evenness of the ECM community were unaffected. Soil water content (SWC), nitrogen availability and their interaction, soil available phosphorus, and pH (which were induced by treatments) significantly explained the variation in ECM community structure among different treatments. Conclusion ECM species are more sensitive to changes in SWC than changes in nitrogen addition. Nitrogen and water treatments influenced the structure of the ECM community mainly through altering the relative abundances of exploration types and specific genera. Our findings can enhance understanding of the implications of nitrogen addition and water regime on soil processes in ECM‐dominated coniferous forests under global changes.

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Mycorrhizas and soil ecosystem function of co-existing woody vegetation islands at the alpine tree line

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Experimental soil warming shifts the fungal community composition at the alpine treeline

Experimental soil warming shifts the fungal community composition at the alpine treeline

Comparison of Root Surface Enzyme Activity of Ericaceous Plants and Picea abies Growing at the Tree Line in the Austrian Alps

Effects of soil water regime and nitrogen addition on ectomycorrhizal community structure of Picea asperata seedlings

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