Mycorrhizal pathogen of tobacco: cropping history and current crop effects on the mycorrhizal fungal community

An, Zhiqiang; Bin, Guo; Hendrix, James W.

doi:10.1016/0261-2194(93)90094-y

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1992). An et al. (1993) have shown that the proliferation of G. macrocarpum is crop specific, highlighting the importance of choosing an appropriate crop for rotation.…”

Section: Cropping Rotations: Diversity In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems

Verbruggen

Kiers

2010

Evolutionary Applications

246

158

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The root systems of most agronomic crops are colonized by diverse assemblages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), varying in the functional benefits (e.g. nutrient transfer, pathogen protection, water uptake) provided to hosts. Little is known about the evolutionary processes that shape the composition of these fungal assemblages, nor is it known whether more diverse assemblages are beneficial to crop productivity. In this review we aim to identify the evolutionary selection pressures that shape AMF diversity in agricultural systems and explore whether promotion of AMF diversity can convincingly be linked to increases in agricultural productivity and/or sustainability. We then ask whether farmers can (and should) actively modify evolutionary selection pressures to increase AMF functioning. We focus on three agriculturally imposed selection regimes: tillage, fertilization, and continuous monoculture. We find that the uniform nature of these practices strongly selects for dominance of few AMF species. These species exhibit predictable, generally non-beneficial traits, namely heavy investment in reproduction at the expense of nutrient scavenging and transfer processes that are beneficial for hosts. A number of focus-points are given based on empirical and theoretical evidence that could be utilized to slow down negative selection pressures on AMF functioning, therein increasing crop benefit.

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“…1992). An et al. (1993) have shown that the proliferation of G. macrocarpum is crop specific, highlighting the importance of choosing an appropriate crop for rotation.…”

Section: Cropping Rotations: Diversity In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems

Verbruggen

Kiers

2010

Evolutionary Applications

246

158

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“…Although this isolate of G. macrocarpum is strongly parasitic (pathogenic) on tobacco in field soils with extremely high P, it does not appear to have parasitic effects on other crops. Furthermore, it appears to have some specificity for tobacco because, in field studies, G. macrocarpum populations (and stunt-disease) can be controlled by rotation with Festuca (containing an endophyte that inhibits G. macrocarpum) as effectively as by fumigation (Hendrix et al, 1992;An, Guo & Hendrix, 1993;Hendrix, Guo & An, 1995).…”

Section: (3) Genotypic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum*

1997

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3 SUMMARYA great diversity of plants and fungi engage in mycorrhizal associations. In natural habitats, and in an ecologically meaningful time span, these associations have evolved to improve the fitness of both plant and fungal symbionts. In systems managed by humans, mycorrhizal associations often improve plant productivity, but this is not always the case. Mycorrhizal fungi might be considered to be parasitic on plants when net cost of the symbiosis exceeds net benefits. Parasitism can be developmentally induced, environmentally induced, or possibly genotypically induced. Morphological, phenological, and physiological characteristics of the symbionts influence the functioning of mycorrhizas at an individual scale. Biotic and abiotic factors at the rhizosphere, community, and ecosystem scales further mediate mycorrhizal functioning. Despite the complexity of mycorrhizal associations, it might be possible to construct predictive models of mycorrhizal functioning. These models will need to incorporate variables and parameters that account for differences in plant responses to, and control of, mycorrhizal fungi, and differences in fungal effects on, and responses to, the plant. Developing and testing quantitative models of mycorrhizal functioning in the real world requires creative experimental manipulations and measurements. This work will be facilitated by recent advances in molecular and biochemical techniques. A greater understanding of how mycorrhizas function in complex natural systems is a prerequisite to managing them in agriculture, forestry, and restoration.

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“…While mycorrhizal fungal community studies are relatively few, indications are that the nature of the plant host growing on a natural soil is, perhaps, the most influential factor in determining the community (An et al 1993a(An et al , 1993cGuo et al 1993Guo et al , 1994Hendrix et al 1995;McGraw and Hendrix 1984;Schenck and Kinloch 1980). Wheat is a host of arbuscular fungi (Hetrick and Bloom 1983;Hetrick et al 1984) and, in the present study, was probably the primary mycorrhizal host during the first year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In a tobacco-fescue cropping system (An et al 1993b), wheat, used as a winter cover crop that was not permitted to mature, had no apparent effect on the mycorrhizal fungal community. Fescue, in contrast, was markedly influential on mycorrhizal fungal communities in agricultural systems (An et al 1993a(An et al , 1993bGuo et al 1994). Fescue, in contrast, was markedly influential on mycorrhizal fungal communities in agricultural systems (An et al 1993a(An et al , 1993bGuo et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These species characteristically are present in agricultural soils that have been intensively cropped with plants that are mycorrhizal with arbuscular fungi (An et al 1993a(An et al , 1993cGuo et al 1993Guo et al , 1994Hendrix et al 1995;McGraw and Hendrix 1984;Schenck and Kinloch 1980). These species characteristically are present in agricultural soils that have been intensively cropped with plants that are mycorrhizal with arbuscular fungi (An et al 1993a(An et al , 1993cGuo et al 1993Guo et al , 1994Hendrix et al 1995;McGraw and Hendrix 1984;Schenck and Kinloch 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of mycorrhizal activity to time following reclamation of surface mine land in western Kentucky. II. Mycorrhizal fungal communities

Gould¹,

Hendrix

1998

Can. J. Bot.

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Over a period of 2.5 years, mycorrhizal fungal communities in soils of five abandoned surface coal mine sites in western Kentucky were studied in relation to time following reclamation. These sites were reclaimed at different times and were in varying stages of revegetation. At the seeding stage of reclamation, low populations of mycorrhizal fungal spores of only a few species, notably Glomus microcarpum Tul. & Tul., Glomus aggregatum Schenck & Smith emend. Koske, and Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter) Gerdemann & Trappe emend. Walker & Koske, were present. Populations of spores of these species increased rapidly during the first 1 or 2 years after reclamation. Other species, notably those with larger spores, appeared with time. Spores of one group of species were a high proportion of the total early after reclamation, then declined in relation to populations of other species. A second group appeared soon after reclamation and maintained a relatively constant proportion of the total population. A third group was inconspicuous for a few years after reclamation but increased in proportion to the total population of spores with time. Species richness was low soon after reclamation, rose slowly and erratically over 5 years, then stabilized at about 10 species. Species dominance, diversity, and evenness were relatively constant after the first 2 years of reclamation.Résumé : Les auteurs ont suivi pendant 2,5 ans les communautés fongiques mycorhiziennes dans les sols de cinq sites miniers de charbon à ciel ouvert abandonnés, situés dans l'ouest du Kentucky, en tenant compte du temps écoulé depuis la revégétation. Ces sites ont été revégétés à différents moments et se trouvaient à divers stades de colonisation. Au stade semis, on a retrouvé de faibles populations de spores de champignons mycorhiziens appartenant à quelques espèces, notamment les Glomus microcarpum Tul. & Tul., Glomus aggregatum Schenck & Smith emend. Koske, et Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter) Gerdemann & Trappe emend. Walker & Koske. Les populations de spores de ces espèces augmentent rapidement 1 ou 2 ans après la revégétation. D'autres espèces, notamment celle qui ont de grosses spores, sont apparues avec le temps. Les spores d'un groupe d'espèces constituant une forte proportion du total, tôt après la revégétation, ont par la suite décliné par rapport aux populations de d'autres espèces. Un second groupe apparaît rapidement après la revégétation et demeure relativement constant par rapport à la population totale. Un troisième groupe demeure imperceptible pendant quelques années après la revégétation mais augmente en proportion du total avec le temps. La richesse en espèces est faible tôt après la revégétation, augmente lentement et erratiquement pendant 5 ans, puis se stabilise à environ 10 espèces. La dominance des espèces, leur diversité et leur régularité deviennent relativement constantes après les 2 premières années de revégétation.Mots clés : champignons mycorhiziens de type Glomales, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires, terril de mine abandonnée, s...

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Mycorrhizal pathogen of tobacco: cropping history and current crop effects on the mycorrhizal fungal community

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems

Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems

Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum*

Relationship of mycorrhizal activity to time following reclamation of surface mine land in western Kentucky. II. Mycorrhizal fungal communities

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