Mycorrhizal fungi of Eucalyptus in the North Island of New Zealand

Chu-Chou, Myra; Grace, Lynette J.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(82)90056-6

Cited by 57 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Consequently, epigeous biomass may be underestimated relative to hypogeous biomass, because epigeous sporocarps decay more rapidly than hypogeous sporocarps. Changes in the relative proportion of epigeous morphological type with stand type agree with studies suggesting that the composition and age of the forest influences the diversity of the fungal community (Last et al 1981, Wasterlund and Ingelog 1981, Chu-Chou and Grace 1982, Mason et al 1984, Dighton and Mason 1985, Dighton et al 1986, Jansen and Denie 1988, Hilton et al 1989, Termorshuizen 1991.…”

Section: Standing Crop By Stand Typesupporting

confidence: 85%

Standing Crop and Animal Consumption of Fungal Sporocarps in Pacific Northwest Forests

North

Trappe

Franklin

1997

Ecology

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Although fungal fruiting bodies are a common food supplement for many forest animals and an important dietary staple for several small mammals, changes in their abundance and consumption with forest succession or disturbance have not been quantified. Above-and belowground fungal fruiting bodies (epigeous and hypogeous sporocarps) were sampled for 46 mo in managed-young, natural-mature, and old-growth western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) stands in Washington State. Screen exclosures were placed over the surface of half of the sample plots to prevent aboveground predation of sporocarps. Standing crop of epigeous sporocarps was low in most seasons and then increased 30-fold to a mean of 2.28 kg/ha in the fall. Epigeous biomass varied little between stand types, and animal consumption of these sporocarps was low. Standing crop of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.78 kg/ha in managed-young stands, compared to 4.51 and 4.02 kg/ha in natural-mature and old-growth stands. In all stands, standing crop peaked in the summer and was lowest in the winter. Mean animal consumption of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.64 kg/ha, a value that exceeded the available standing crop quantity of 0.36 kg/ha in managed-young stands during the winter. In natural-mature and old-growth stands, truffle biomass remained high year-round and exceeded consumption in all seasons. Low hypogeous sporocarp biomass in the managed-young stands resulted from the general absence of large clusters of Elaphomyces granulatus, which made up Ͼ90% of the biomass in older stands. This absence in managed-young stands may be associated with the thin organic layer that has developed following harvest and burning 60 yr ago. The consistent level of animal consumption indicates that truffles may be an important and readily available year-round food source, compared to the ephemeral fruiting of epigeous sporocarps. Changes in forest composition and age due to natural disturbance or human management influence fungal sporocarp productivity and diversity and, consequently, affect food availability for animals dependent on hypogeous sporocarps.

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Section: Standing Crop By Stand Typesupporting

confidence: 85%

Standing Crop and Animal Consumption of Fungal Sporocarps in Pacific Northwest Forests

North

Trappe

Franklin

1997

Ecology

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“…; Peay et al . ; but see Chu‐Chou & Grace ). It is possible that introduced mammalian dispersal of late‐stage fungi might result in ectomycorrhizal formation on mature tree roots rather than on isolated seedlings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel interactions between non‐native mammals and fungi facilitate establishment of invasive pines

et al. 2014

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Summary1. The role of novel ecological interactions between mammals, fungi and plants in invaded ecosystems remains unresolved, but may play a key role in the widespread successful invasion of pines and their ectomycorrhizal fungal associates, even where mammal faunas originate from different continents to trees and fungi as in New Zealand. 2. We examine the role of novel mammal associations in dispersal of ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum of North American pines (Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii), and native beech trees (Lophozonia menziesii) using faecal analyses, video monitoring and a bioassay experiment. 3. Both European red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) pellets contained spores and DNA from a range of native and non-native ectomycorrhizal fungi. 4. Faecal pellets from both animals resulted in ectomycorrhizal infection of pine seedlings with fungal genera Rhizopogon and Suillus, but not with native fungi or the invasive fungus Amanita muscaria, despite video and DNA evidence of consumption of these fungi. 5. Native L. menziesii seedlings never developed any ectomycorrhizal infection from faecal pellet inoculation. 6. Synthesis. Our results show that introduced mammals from Australia and Europe facilitate the co-invasion of invasive North American trees and Northern Hemisphere fungi in New Zealand, while we find no evidence that introduced mammals benefit native trees or fungi. This novel tripartite 'invasional meltdown', comprising taxa from three kingdoms and three continents, highlights unforeseen consequences of global biotic homogenization.

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“…Eucalypts predominantly form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations in both native forests (Chilvers, 1973;Gardner and Malajczuk, 1988) and plantations (Chu-Chou and Grace, 1982;Lu et al, 1999), but may also have arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (Adjoud-Sadadou and Halli-Hargas, 2000;Chen et al, 2000). Ectomycorrhizas have been shown experimentally to provide substantial growth responses when eucalypts are grown in infertile soils and thus are considered important for tree productivity in plantations Brundrett et al, 1996;Xu et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nursery inoculation of Eucalyptus seedlings in Western Australia and Southern China using spores and mycelial inoculum of diverse ectomycorrhizal fungi from different climatic regions

Brundrett

Malajczuk²,

Gong

et al. 2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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Mycorrhizal fungi of Eucalyptus in the North Island of New Zealand

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Standing Crop and Animal Consumption of Fungal Sporocarps in Pacific Northwest Forests

Standing Crop and Animal Consumption of Fungal Sporocarps in Pacific Northwest Forests

Novel interactions between non‐native mammals and fungi facilitate establishment of invasive pines

Nursery inoculation of Eucalyptus seedlings in Western Australia and Southern China using spores and mycelial inoculum of diverse ectomycorrhizal fungi from different climatic regions

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