Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient uptake but disarm defences in plant roots, promoting plant-parasitic nematode populations

Frew, Adam; Powell, Jeff R.; Glauser, Gaëtan; Bennett, Alison E.; Johnson, Scott N.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.08.019

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The half-mature forest was more susceptible to external disturbance, which may occur a heavier recession. With the maturing of plantations and the increase of saprotrophs, ECM fungi will be driven to improve tolerance to desiccation and defense against root pathogens (Frew, Powell, Glauser, Bennett, & Johnson, 2018).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Fungal Diversity and Functional Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community structure and functional group of root‐associated Fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica across stand ages in the Mu Us Desert

Zhao

Guo

Gao

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Root‐associated fungi (RAF) are an important factor affecting the host's growth, and their contribution to Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation decline is substantial. Therefore, we selected three age groups of P. sylvestris plantations (26, 33, and 43 years), in the Mu Us Desert, to characterize the community structure and functional groups of RAF, identified by Illumina high‐throughput sequencing and FUNGuild platform, respectively. The effects of soil properties and enzyme activities on fungal diversity and functional groups were also examined. The results indicated that (a) 805 operational taxonomic units of RAF associated with P. sylvestris belonged to six phyla and 163 genera. Diversity and richness were not significantly different in the three age groups, but community composition showed significant differences. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated the fungal community, while Rhizopogon dominated in each plot. (b) The proportion of pathotrophs decreased with increasing age, while that of symbiotrophs increased sharply, which were mainly represented by ectomycorrhizal fungi. (c) Stand age and soil enzyme activity had a greater influence on fungal community composition than did soil properties, whereas environmental variables were not significantly correlated with fungal diversity and richness. Dynamics of fungal community composition and functional groups with the aging plantations reflected the growth state of P. sylvestris and were related to plantation degradation.

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Section: Factors Affecting Fungal Diversity and Functional Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community structure and functional group of root‐associated Fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica across stand ages in the Mu Us Desert

Zhao

Guo

Gao

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Indeed, AM fungi not only alter the growth and nutrient status of their host plant, but also affect the production of secondary compounds (Frew, Powell, Glauser, Bennett, & Johnson, ; Hill et al, ), and other plant traits which drive herbivory (Frew, Powell, Allsopp, Sallam, & Johnson, ). Interestingly, there are significantly fewer studies which assess mycorrhizal‐driven changes in plant secondary metabolites and defence traits under CO 2 enrichment (Dong et al, ).…”

Section: Impacts Of Eco2 On Bipartite Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impacts of AM fungi on insect herbivores are highly variable even under ambient atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Mycorrhizae have been observed to increase plant resistance, have no effect or even increase plant susceptibility to herbivory (Bennett, Alers‐Garcia, & Bever, ; Biere & Bennett, ; Frew et al, ; Pineda et al, ). The AM symbiosis often benefits the host plant in terms of nutrient acquisition and nutritional quality, this can benefit the insects which feed on it (Koricheva et al, ), but an increase in nutrient acquisition can also mean greater investment in defences (Pozo & Azcón‐Aguilar, ).…”

Section: Mycorrhizal‐mediated Plant–insect Herbivore Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world

Frew

Price

2019

Functional Ecology

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The symbiotic relationship between terrestrial plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a key driver of plant nutritional and defence traits influencing insect herbivory. These tripartite interactions have been fundamental to shaping the evolution of land plants and the diversity of insect herbivores. Surprisingly, we have little understanding of how these interactions will function under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2), despite the considerable implications for both natural and managed ecosystems. Although substantial research has revealed how eCO2 alters mycorrhizal–plant interactions, or plant–herbivore interactions, there is a stark scarcity of studies which investigate how eCO2 impacts mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–insect herbivore relationships. Here, we synthesise some of the main effects of eCO2 on the mycorrhizal symbiosis, the concomitant impacts on plant nutrient dynamics and secondary metabolism, and how eCO2‐driven changes in plant growth, biochemistry and communities impact insect herbivores. We point out that potential mechanistic drivers of AM fungal–plant–insect herbivore relationships under eCO2 can function antagonistically and are highly context‐dependent, which poses a particular challenge. Still, we hypothesise as to the potential outcomes for AM fungal–plant–herbivore dynamics under eCO2. We identify key research priorities to tackle the substantial gap in our understanding. If ecological theory is to effectively inform agricultural and natural management practices in the future, research needs to directly investigate how changes in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations impact the tripartite relationship between AM fungi, plants and insect herbivores. A plain language summary is available for this article.

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“…Moreover, symbionts also appear to regulate production of defense compounds; e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduced benzoxazinoid concentrations in wheat roots, while root infection by Pratylenchus neglectus was 47%-117% higher on mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants (Frew et al, 2018).…”

Section: Application Of Root Metabolites In Nematode Management-challmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Root Metabolites on Soil Nematodes

2020

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Plant parasitic nematodes cause significant crop damage globally. Currently, many nematicides have been banned or are being phased out in Europe and other parts of the world because of environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, we need to focus on sustainable and alternative methods of nematode control to protect crops. Plant roots contain and release a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites, many of which are known defense compounds. Hence, profound understanding of the root mediated interactions between plants and plant parasitic nematodes may contribute to efficient control and management of pest nematodes. In this review, we have compiled literature that documents effects of root metabolites on plant parasitic nematodes. These chemical compounds act as either nematode attractants, repellents, hatching stimulants or inhibitors. We have summarized the few studies that describe how root metabolites regulate the expression of nematode genes. As non-herbivorous nematodes contribute to decomposition, nutrient mineralization, microbial community structuring and control of herbivorous insect larvae, we also review the impact of plant metabolites on these nontarget organisms.1 study on effect of both plant and specific metabolites detected in root exudates of the plant, 2 study on effect of plant, 3 study on effect of synthetic compound on nematodes, NA indicate not applicable.

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Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient uptake but disarm defences in plant roots, promoting plant-parasitic nematode populations

Cited by 69 publications

References 62 publications

Community structure and functional group of root‐associated Fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica across stand ages in the Mu Us Desert

Community structure and functional group of root‐associated Fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica across stand ages in the Mu Us Desert

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world

Impacts of Root Metabolites on Soil Nematodes

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Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient uptake but disarm defences in plant roots, promoting plant-parasitic nematode populations

Cited by 69 publications

References 62 publications

Community structure and functional group of root‐associated Fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica across stand ages in the Mu Us Desert

Community structure and functional group of root‐associated Fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica across stand ages in the Mu Us Desert

Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO2 world

Impacts of Root Metabolites on Soil Nematodes

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Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO₂ world