Mycorrhizal fungal communities respond to experimental elevation of soil pH and P availability in temperate hardwood forests

Carrino‐Kyker, Sarah R.; Kluber, Laurel A.; Petersen, Sheryl M.; Coyle, Kaitlin P.; Hewins, Charlotte R.; DeForest, Jared L.; Smemo, Kurt A.; Burke, David

doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw024

Cited by 77 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In a previous short-term study in Stebbins Gulch, we also found that communities within the same season differed between sampling years, suggesting that annual environmental conditions have large effects on community structure even within the same season (Burke 2015). These findings are in agreement with other studies finding that soil pH (Kluber et al 2012, Carrino-Kyker et al 2016), N (Lilleskov et al 2002, Courty et al 2008, Leff et al 2015, P (Burke et al 2009, Kluber et al 2012, Coince et al 2013, and soil C:N (Wubet et al 2012, Coince et al 2013 can affect fungal communities; soil chemical changes may also explain vertical variation in communities with soil profile depth (Rosling et al 2003, Lindahl et al 2007, Courty et al 2008, Shahin et al 2013.…”

Section: Nmdssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Taxa names are displayed for some significant indicator taxa; only OTUs that could be confidently assigned to order or better are named here. This is less than an estimate of fungal diversity that we noted for other hardwood forests in Ohio (3174 OTUs;Carrino-Kyker et al 2016); however, the current study focused on one forest, while our previous work was comprised of soil samples collected from six different forests. Our nextgeneration sequencing approach, and the environmental data we collected at a fine scale, allowed us to consider whether fungal responses to environmental factors could be conserved, potentially leading to predictability of environmental responses within clades (Martiny et al 2015).…”

Section: Nmdsmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Is it climate or chemistry? Soil fungal communities respond to soil nutrients in a multi‐year high‐resolution analysis

Burke

Carrino‐Kyker²,

Burns

2019

Ecosphere

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Predicting potential responses of soil fungal communities and fungal diversity to environmental change is limited by relatively few long‐term data sets, despite the important role fungi play in ecosystem processes. In this study, we examined the relative importance of environmental factors (weather or climate factors and chemical factors) on fungal communities over a period of five years. We examined fungal communities in an old‐growth beech‐maple forest in northeastern Ohio, located within the snow belt of Lake Erie, which receives an average of 287 cm of snowfall. Soil was collected every month from long‐term plots and divided into different soil depths; a total of 1080 samples were collected and used for fungal community and chemical analysis. We used DNA fragment analysis methods to examine fungal community response to environmental factors, and used next‐generation sequencing to examine specific responses of fungal species and quantify diversity in forest soil. Tests for phylogenetic signal were used to explore whether fungal responses are similar among close relatives or divergent within clades. Fungal communities responded significantly to chemical factors such as soil phosphorus but responded weakly to climate factors such as soil temperature, suggesting that fungal community composition reflects temporal variation in microsite environmental conditions. Sequencing revealed high degrees of fungal species richness, with an average of 384 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within each soil core and more than 1000 OTUs within our study site. Fungal taxa associated with phosphorus availability and soil moisture were also distributed broadly across fungal clades (e.g., Basidiomycota, Ascomycota). Our study suggests that microsite chemical factors (e.g., soil moisture, P availability) correlate more strongly with fungal community variation than climate factors (e.g., soil temperature). In addition, environmental responses were not conserved among close relatives, suggesting that relatedness may not be sufficient to predict potential responses to these factors.

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Section: Nmdssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Nmdsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Is it climate or chemistry? Soil fungal communities respond to soil nutrients in a multi‐year high‐resolution analysis

Burke

Carrino‐Kyker²,

Burns

2019

Ecosphere

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“…We demonstrate that in highly acidic soil more plant C is lost to the external ecosystem carbon cycle than in less acidic soils. Previous studies have suggested a decrease in mycorrhizal fungal colonization of roots in highly acidic soils (St Clair & Lynch, ; Carrino‐Kyker et al , ; Leberecht et al , ). If this applies also to our study, reduced sink strength of mycorrhizal fungi for plant photosynthates in acidic soil may have increased root exudation rates – a hypothesis that has to be tested in future studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Root exudation of mature beech forests across a nutrient availability gradient: the role of root morphology and fungal activity

et al. 2020

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Summary Root exudation is a key plant function with a large influence on soil organic matter dynamics and plant–soil feedbacks in forest ecosystems. Yet despite its importance, the main ecological drivers of root exudation in mature forest trees remain to be identified. During two growing seasons, we analyzed the dependence of in situ collected root exudates on root morphology, soil chemistry and nutrient availability in six mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests on a broad range of bedrock types. Root morphology was a major driver of root exudation across the nutrient availability gradient. A doubling of specific root length exponentially increased exudation rates of mature trees by c. 5‐fold. Root exudation was also closely negatively related to soil pH and nitrogen (N) availability. At acidic and N‐poor sites, where fungal biomass was reduced, exudation rates were c. 3‐fold higher than at N‐ and base‐richer sites and correlated negatively with the activity of enzymes degrading less bioavailable carbon (C) and N in the bulk soil. We conclude that root exudation increases on highly acidic, N‐poor soils, in which fungal activity is reduced and a greater portion of the assimilated plant C is shifted to the external ecosystem C cycle.

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“…The specific mechanism(s) driving this response is beyond the scope of this study. However, there are several possible processes that could generate this pattern: Soil Mn, Ca, and Mg availability is linked to soil pH, so that the response of ECM communities to these cations signals the effects of soil pH [77]. Plant morphology also varies with soil fertility meaning that major differences in root traits (root length, fine root density) could indirectly alter the ECM community [78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Phylogenetic Relatedness and Soil Nutrients Shape Ectomycorrhizal Community Composition in Native and Exotic Pine Plantations

Chen

Mueller

Egerton‐Warburton

et al. 2019

Forests

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Exotic non-native Pinus species have been widely planted or become naturalized in many parts of the world. Pines rely on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi mutualisms to overcome barriers to establishment, yet the degree to which host specificity and edaphic preferences influence ECM community composition remains poorly understood. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing coupled with soil analyses to investigate the effect of host plant identity, spatial distance and edaphic factors on ECM community composition in young (30-year-old) native (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and exotic (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine plantations in China. The ECM fungal communities comprised 43 species with the majority belonging to the Thelephoraceae and Russulaceae. Most species were found associated with both host trees while certain native ECM taxa (Suillus) showed host specificity to the native P. massoniana. ECM fungi that are known to occur exclusively with Pinus (e.g., Rhizopogon) were uncommon. We found no significant effect of host identity on ECM communities, i.e., phylogenetically related pines shared similar ECM fungal communities. Instead, ECM fungal community composition was strongly influenced by site-specific abiotic factors and dispersal. These findings reinforce the idea that taxonomic relatedness might be a factor promoting ECM colonization in exotic pines but that shifts in ECM communities may also be context-dependent. a massive range expansion of the ECM-Pinus mutualism, a situation that is widely compared to co-invasion (or 'enemy escape ' [4,6-9]). Exotic pines may also form novel symbioses with native ECM fungi or cosmopolitan mutualists [10]. Nevertheless, plants may be limited by the availability of compatible ECM fungal inoculum. Exotic pine ECM communities are remarkable for their low species richness (<50 taxa) in comparison to native ECM forests [11], and an abundance of ECM taxa that are almost exclusively associated with Pinaceae (e.g., Suillus, Rhizopogon [12,13]).Such low-diversity limitations may reflect both neutral (dispersal) and niche processes (abiotic factors; e.g., [14][15][16][17]). Studies show that longer distances (>10 km) may limit the stochastic dispersal of fungal propagules from one location (native forest) to another (plantation) whereas deterministic traits such as dispersal via spores [14,18] versus mycorrhizal root tips and hyphal networks may operate at finer scales [19][20][21][22]. In addition, biotic (e.g., host nutrient demands, seed dispersal) and abiotic factors (e.g., soil chemistry) may facilitate ECM fungal species with physiological and ecological adaptations depending on the environmental context [23].Recent evidence has demonstrated that phylogenetic distance between exotic and native hosts might explain their (dis)similarities in ECM community composition and richness [24,25]. For example, studies have shown that co-occurring exotic pine and native trees host similar ECM fungal communities and share the same dominant ECM fungal species [8,10,[26][27][28]. Most ECM fung...

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Mycorrhizal fungal communities respond to experimental elevation of soil pH and P availability in temperate hardwood forests

Cited by 77 publications

References 81 publications

Is it climate or chemistry? Soil fungal communities respond to soil nutrients in a multi‐year high‐resolution analysis

Is it climate or chemistry? Soil fungal communities respond to soil nutrients in a multi‐year high‐resolution analysis

Root exudation of mature beech forests across a nutrient availability gradient: the role of root morphology and fungal activity

Host Phylogenetic Relatedness and Soil Nutrients Shape Ectomycorrhizal Community Composition in Native and Exotic Pine Plantations

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