Mycorrhizal-Bacterial Amelioration of Plant Abiotic and Biotic Stress

Abstract

Soil microbiota plays an important role in the sustainable production of the different types of agrosystems. Among the members of the plant microbiota, mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) interact in rhizospheric environments leading to additive and/or synergistic effects on plant growth and heath. In this manuscript, the main mechanisms used by MF and PGPB to facilitate plant growth are reviewed, including the improvement of nutrient uptake, and the reduction of ethylene levels or biocontrol of potential pathogens, under both normal and stressful conditions due to abiotic or biotic factors. Finally, it is necessary to expand both research and field use of bioinoculants based on these components and take advantage of their beneficial interactions with plants to alleviate plant stress and improve plant growth and production to satisfy the demand for food for an ever-increasing human population.

Climatic Zone and Soil Properties Determine the Biodiversity of the Soil Bacterial Communities Associated to Native Plants from Desert Areas of North-Central Algeria

“…By using the terminology applied for microorganisms inhabiting the human body, these microorganisms are indicated as plant microbiota. These associated bacteria are selected by the release of plant exudates and proliferate outside and inside the plant tissues, affecting plant growth, health, yield as well as the nutritional value of seeds and fruits [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Thus, they play a relevant role in the improvement of the host's life and fitness.…”

Malus Antioxidant Metabolism Following Bacterial–Fungal Inoculation in Organic Farming: From Root to Fruit

“…In light of these threats, more environmentally friendly methods of soil enrichment and crop protection are being sought compared with those commonly used in agricultural practices today [1][2][3][4]. The inclusion of microorganism-based products in crop management systems due to the specific role of these rhizosphere organisms in plant performance (plant health and vigor) appears to be one option for reducing the amount of agrochemicals used [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Soil biota, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), individually and/or in co-inoculation (as a bacterial-fungal inoculum to combine the benefits of each) have been tested as a means of increasing the plant nutritional status [8,[12][13][14][15], water status [16][17][18] or the host's resistance to biotic stress factors [8,11,19], including soil replant disease [20].…”

“…The inclusion of microorganism-based products in crop management systems due to the specific role of these rhizosphere organisms in plant performance (plant health and vigor) appears to be one option for reducing the amount of agrochemicals used [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Soil biota, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), individually and/or in co-inoculation (as a bacterial-fungal inoculum to combine the benefits of each) have been tested as a means of increasing the plant nutritional status [8,[12][13][14][15], water status [16][17][18] or the host's resistance to biotic stress factors [8,11,19], including soil replant disease [20]. Nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production, a reduction in soil nutrient loss, and the effect on soil structure have been indicated to be key factors regulating nutrient uptake by plants, thus decreasing the need for chemical fertilizers [6,11,21].…”

“…Soil biota, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), individually and/or in co-inoculation (as a bacterial-fungal inoculum to combine the benefits of each) have been tested as a means of increasing the plant nutritional status [8,[12][13][14][15], water status [16][17][18] or the host's resistance to biotic stress factors [8,11,19], including soil replant disease [20]. Nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production, a reduction in soil nutrient loss, and the effect on soil structure have been indicated to be key factors regulating nutrient uptake by plants, thus decreasing the need for chemical fertilizers [6,11,21]. In turn, plant nutritional status directly affects plant health and the quality of plant-derived food.…”

Editorial: The Potential of Fungi for Enhancing Crops and Forestry Systems

“…Ectomycorrhizae improve soil structure and nutrients, protect plants against root pathogens, promote plant growth by producing phytohormones, improve the survival and growth of seedlings, and increase the photosynthetic rate of plants (Santoyo et al, 2021 ). Ectomycorrhizae also cut down fertilization costs in an environmentally friendly manner.…”