Mycorrhiza Regulates Signal Substance Levels and Pathogen Defense Gene Expression to Resist Citrus Canker

Xie, Miaomiao; Zhang, Yi-Can; Liu, Liping; Zou, Ying-Ning; Wu, Qiang-Sheng; Kuča, Kamil

doi:10.15835/nbha47411561

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These phenolics are synthesized in higher quantity due to the upregulation of signaling pathways involving hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid, and nitrogen oxide pathways in the colonized roots [169]. Similar upregulation of these pathways was observed in the mycorrhizal inoculated plants against citrus canker [161]. Furthermore, elevated flavonoid content corresponded with increased resistance against the tomato mosaic virus in the mycorrhizal tomato plants [170].…”

Section: Effect Of Amf On Secondary Metabolites Under Biotic/abiotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome

2020

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is among the most ubiquitous plant mutualists that enhance plant growth and yield by facilitating the uptake of phosphorus and water. The countless interactions that occur in the rhizosphere between plants and its AMF symbionts are mediated through the plant and fungal metabolites that ensure partner recognition, colonization, and establishment of the symbiotic association. The colonization and establishment of AMF reprogram the metabolic pathways of plants, resulting in changes in the primary and secondary metabolites, which is the focus of this review. During initial colonization, plant–AMF interaction is facilitated through the regulation of signaling and carotenoid pathways. After the establishment, the AMF symbiotic association influences the primary metabolism of the plant, thus facilitating the sharing of photosynthates with the AMF. The carbon supply to AMF leads to the transport of a significant amount of sugars to the roots, and also alters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Apart from the nutrient exchange, the AMF imparts abiotic stress tolerance in host plants by increasing the abundance of several primary metabolites. Although AMF initially suppresses the defense response of the host, it later primes the host for better defense against biotic and abiotic stresses by reprogramming the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Additionally, the influence of AMF on signaling pathways translates to enhanced phytochemical content through the upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway, which improves the quality of the plant products. These phytometabolome changes induced by plant–AMF interaction depends on the identity of both plant and AMF species, which could contribute to the differential outcome of this symbiotic association. A better understanding of the phytochemical landscape shaped by plant–AMF interactions would enable us to harness this symbiotic association to enhance plant performance, particularly under non-optimal growing conditions.

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Section: Effect Of Amf On Secondary Metabolites Under Biotic/abiotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…AMF provides resistance against many biotic and abiotic stresses [ 108 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 ]. Phenolic compounds are important secondary metabolites in disease suppression or defense mechanisms against other stress.…”

Section: Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome

2020

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“…Recently, research was carried out by the use of soil microbes to mitigate the negative impact of water deficiency. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi occurring widely in the soil can associate with the root of most plant species and this symbiosis can improve the plant performance under various environmental stresses (Augé, 2001) and may be able to augment plant tolerance to root herbivory and pathogens (Frew et al, 2020;Frew and Price, 2019;Xie et al, 2019;) and improve the soil structure (Rillig et al, 2015;. Many studies established that arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi improve the nutrient and water uptake of plants (Subramanian et al, 2006;Candido et al, 2015) mitigate the detrimental effect of stresses by increasing photosynthesis and productivity (Ruiz-Sánchez et al, 2010;Ebrahim and Saleem, 2017) and improve the yield quality (Salvioli et al, 2008;Hart et al, 2015;Bona et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mycorrhizal inoculations on physiological traits and bioactive compounds of tomato under water scarcity in field conditions

Horváth¹,

Andryei²,

Helyes³

et al. 2020

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Mycorrhizal inoculations were investigated to reveal their effects on the growth and productivity of processing tomato grown under field conditions. Plants inoculated at sowing (M1), sowing + transplanting (M2) and non-inoculated plants (M0) were grown under regularly irrigated (RI), deficit irrigated (DI), and non-irrigated (I0) conditions. In dry years, under non-irrigated conditions (M2) treatment significantly decreased the canopy temperature, improved the photosynthetic efficiency expressed by chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the fruit setting, significantly increased the total carotenoids and lycopene concentration of fruits but increased the ratio of green yield. Using deficit irrigation, (M2) plants produced more and larger weighed red fruits than (M1) plants but the β carotene, lutein and lycopene concentration of fruits, except for the vitamin C, decreased. Under severe drought conditions the mycorrhizal inoculations positively influenced the all carotenoids and lycopene concentration of fruits (r = 0.8150, r = 0.7837), but their impact was negative under deficit irrigation. Under water deficiency (I0, DI) the mycorrhizal symbiosis increased the marketable yield and resulted in a 33% increase in green yield and an 18 % increase in the total carotenoids content in dry years but the unmarketable yield decreased. Under water deficiency (M2) treatment produce more marketable yield resulting in 9.8% higher total carotenoids in the tomato fruits than (M1) treatment under field conditions.

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“…Moreover, very few studies described improved defense mechanisms in mycorrhized citrus trees under biotic stress. Some studies suggested that mycorrhized citrus can better resist infection with citrus canker Xantomonas axonopodis (Xie et al, 2019). Mycorrhized Poncirus trifoliata rapidly activates SA-dependent signaling, such as through the genes PtEPS1 and PtPR4, thus ameliorating adverse effects of infection such as H 2 O 2 reduction and SA suppression by bacteria (Xie et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies suggested that mycorrhized citrus can better resist infection with citrus canker Xantomonas axonopodis (Xie et al, 2019). Mycorrhized Poncirus trifoliata rapidly activates SA-dependent signaling, such as through the genes PtEPS1 and PtPR4, thus ameliorating adverse effects of infection such as H 2 O 2 reduction and SA suppression by bacteria (Xie et al, 2019). Infected mycorrhized plants respond by enhancing SA signaling, which is transferred through common mycorrhizal networks to neighboring plants (Zhang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Triggers Local Resistance in Citrus Plants Against Spider Mites

et al. 2022

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Citrus plants are a highly mycotrophic species with high levels of fungal colonization. Citrus aurantium rootstocks typically show abundant root colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis three weeks after inoculation. Mycorrhizal symbiosis protects plants against multiple biotic stressors, however, such protection against spider mites remains controversial. We examined mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR) in citrus against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Mycorrhized C. aurantium displayed reduced levels of damage in leaves and lower mite oviposition rates, compared to non-mycorrhized controls. Mycorrhization did not affect host choice of mites in Y-tube assays; of note, C. aurantium has innate strong antixenotic resistance against this mite. Analysis of metabolism pathways in mycorrhized citrus plants showed upregulated expression of the oxylipin-related genes LOX-2 and PR-3 early after infestation. Accordingly, jasmonic acid (JA), 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA), and JA-Ile concentrations were increased by mycorrhization. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed the amino acid, oxocarboxylic acid, and phenylpropanoid metabolism as the three major pathways with more hits at 24 h post infection (hpi) in mycorrhized plants. Interestingly, there was a transition to a priming profile of these pathways at 48 hpi following infestation. Three flavonoids (i.e., malic acid, coumaric acid, and diconiferyl alcohol) were among the priming compounds. A mixture containing all these compounds provided efficient protection against the mite. Unexpectedly, systemic resistance did not improve after 72 h of primary infestation, probably due to the innate strong systemic resistance of C. aurantium. This is the first study to show that MIR is functional against T. urticae in locally infested citrus leaves, which is mediated by a complex pool of secondary metabolites and is likely coordinated by priming of JA-dependent responses.

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Mycorrhiza Regulates Signal Substance Levels and Pathogen Defense Gene Expression to Resist Citrus Canker

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome

Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome

Effect of mycorrhizal inoculations on physiological traits and bioactive compounds of tomato under water scarcity in field conditions

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Triggers Local Resistance in Citrus Plants Against Spider Mites

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