Mycoremediation of Textile Effluent: A Toxicological Evaluation and its Possible Correlation with COD

Abstract

Globally, textile industries are one of the major sectors releasing dye pollutants. This is the first report on the positive correlation between toxicity and COD of textile effluent along with the proposed pathway for enzymatic degradation of acid orange 10 using Geotrichum candidum within a very short stretch of time (18h). Removal efficiency of this mycoremedial approach after 18 h in terms of color, dye concentration as well as reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in the treated effluent reached to 89%, 87%, 98.5% and 96.3% respectively. FT-IR analysis of the treated effluent confirmed biodegradation. The LC-MS analysis showed the degradation of acid orange 10, which was confirmed by the formation of two biodegradation products, 7-oxo-8-iminonapthalene-1,3-disulfonate and nitrosobenzene, which subsequently undergoes stepwise hydrogenation and dehydration to form aniline via phenyl hydroxyl amine as intermediate. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that heavy metals content in the treated effluent has reduced along with decrease in % crystallinity, indicating biodegradation. The connection between toxicity and COD was also inveterated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Further the toxicological studies indicated the toxicity of raw textile effluent and relatively lower toxic nature of metabolites generated after biodegradation by G. candidum.