Mycoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Cadmium and Lead by Trichoderma sp.

Abstract

Conducted research determined the effect of the Trichoderma fungi on the presence of cadmium and lead ions in the soil contaminated by mentioned elements. The aim of the study was to demonstrate whether the fungi of this kind can contribute to remediation of soil by the immobilization of heavy metals. Experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions. The vaccine containing spores of Trichoderma asperellum was introduced into the soil contaminated with cadmium and lead by direct injection. Analyses of the soluble fraction of selected heavy metals were performed after 3 and 15 days of cultivation using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Statistical significant positive effects on the immobilization of lead ions and no statistical differences in inhibition of cadmium translocation were observed. The results showed that Trichoderma fungi are suited to support the process of environment remediation by removal of lead. This suggests possible application of Trichoderma asperellum in mycoremediation and supporting role in phytoremediation of soil.

Effect of Soil Application of Zeolite-Carbon Composite, Leonardite and Lignite on the Microorganisms

“…is particularly sensitive to pH, and their presence in soils is strongly correlated with soil reaction. These bacteria prefer neutral and slightly alkaline soils [6]. In our study, depending on the plant used (spring oilseed rape: (0.3, 1.5) • 10 3 CFU • g -1 ; spring wheat: 0.1, 0.2 • 10 3 CFU • g -1 ), their numbers were low compared to the other microbial groups, which was also influenced by the slightly acidic pH of the soils.…”

“…Their presence determines the biological activity of the soil as well as soil-forming processes. Azotobacter, ammonifiers, and actinomycetes are often defined as indicators of soil fertility [1,[5][6][7][8][9]. With their ability to bind atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into ammonia, Azotobacter spp.…”

“…In addition, they produce substances that promote plant growth, i.e. gibberellins, auxins, and cytokinins [5], vitamins and siderophores [6]. Azotobacter spp.…”

A Review about the Mycoremediation of Soil Impacted by War-like Activities: Challenges and Gaps

“…Figure 6 Fungi can be employed to promote treatment in several matrices polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [119], petroleum hydrocarbons [120][121][122][123][124], biphenyls [125], phthalates [126], polychlorinated herbicides such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins-PCDD [127], chlorinated insecticides and pesticides [128], textiles dyes [129], pharmaceutical substances like antibiotics sulfonamides [130], and norfloxacin [131]. Toxic metals, including cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc, and iron, and metalloids, with an emphasis on arsenic, are extensively used in different types of industries, being released in high amounts to their effluents, causing direct or indirect environmental contamination where fungi can act to remediate [132][133][134][135][136]. Excellent books and original and review articles describe how these pollutants have been remediated, and some of them are documented in this manuscript as recommended readings, given the specific nature of the treatment for each type of wastewater [112,[115][116][117]135,[137][138][139][140].…”

Talaromyces santanderensis: A New Cadmium-Tolerant Fungus from Cacao Soils in Colombia

“…Nowadays, mycoremediation has an excellent acceptance in the remediation processes of contaminated soils due to their different advantages, such as the low application cost, small environmental impact, and high effectiveness. Therefore, these advantages reduce the enormous ecological stress caused by heavy metals [ 12 ].…”