Mycoplasmas

Shil, Pollob; Wawegama, Nadeeka K.; Browning, Glenn F.; Noormohammadi, Amir H.; Marenda, Marc S.

doi:10.1002/9781119754862.ch31

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Although it has not been precisely determined whether Mycoplasma spp. are the primary pathogen or an opportunistic pathogen in cats, there are reports that M. felis is the causative agent of fibrinous pneumonia in cats (Songer and Post, 2004;Çiftçi et al, 2021;Shil et al, 2022). There are reports that serous exudate, neutrophil leukocyte infiltration and desquamated alveolar epithelium are microscopically detected in the alveolar lumens in Mycoplasma pneumonia and that an exudate consisting of abundant neutrophil leukocytes, desquamated epithelium and mucus is found in the bronchi and bronchiolar lumens (Ettinger and Feldman, 2010;Swennes and Fox, 2014;Reinero and Lee-Fowler, 2021;Chauhan et al, 2024).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular and Histopathological Study on Bronchopneumonia in Cats

Akçakavak,

Tuzcu,

Çelik

et al. 2024

MJAVL

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In this study, it was aimed to determine Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma felis, Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia felis, which cause bronchopneumonia in cats, by Real-time PCR and to compare the pathological findings of the identified agents. The material of the study was constituted of paraffin blocks belonging to the lungs, of which 21 bronchopneumonia were detected in microscopic examination (with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE)) from a total of 78 cats samples brought to Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology for pathological diagnosis. Histopathologically, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI) in the bronchi and bronchiolar lumens, desquamation in the bronchi and bronchiolar epithelium, PMNL infiltration with oedama in alveolar lumens and desquamated alveolar epithelium, PMNL infiltration in the interstitium, and peribronchi and peribronchiolar MCI, and pleuritis were detected. Real-time PCR analysis revealed Bordetella bronchiseptica in 3 (14.29%) cases, Mycoplasma felis in 3 (14.29%), Staphylococcus aureus in 5 (23.8%), and Chlamydia felis in 5 (23.8%). Morever, Mycoplasma felis and Staphylococcus aureus infection was detected in 1 case, and Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia felis mixed infection was observed in 1 case. Our results show that relevant agents can frequently be isolated in cases of feline bronchopneumonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular and Histopathological Study on Bronchopneumonia in Cats

Akçakavak,

Tuzcu,

Çelik

et al. 2024

MJAVL

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“…They evolved from Gram-positive bacterial ancestors 600 million years ago [2] and have undergone considerable genome reduction during their evolution [3,4]. They lack a cell wall, are pleomorphic, and can infect and cause acute and chronic disease in a diverse range of animal and plant species [5]. Some mycoplasmas have been found to exhibit significant genetic plasticity and to evolve rapidly, mainly driven by intra-species spontaneous mutation and recombination or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between and within species, facilitating swift adaptation to environmental changes, enhancing survival and/or virulence [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They evolved from Gram-positive bacterial ancestors 600 million years ago [ 2 ] and have undergone considerable genome reduction during their evolution [ 3 4 ]. They lack a cell wall, are pleomorphic, and can infect and cause acute and chronic disease in a diverse range of animal and plant species [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage in Mycoplasma felis: Genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Klose,

Legione,

Bushell

et al. 2024

Microbial Genomics

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Mycoplasma felis has been isolated from diseased cats and horses, but to date only a single fully assembled genome of this species, of an isolate from a horse, has been characterized. This study aimed to characterize and compare the completely assembled genomes of four clinical isolates of M. felis from three domestic cats, assembled with the aid of short- and long-read sequencing methods. The completed genomes encoded a median of 759 ORFs (range 743–777) and had a median average nucleotide identity of 98.2 % with the genome of the available equid origin reference strain. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the occurrence of multiple horizontal gene transfer events and significant genome reassortment. This had resulted in the acquisition or loss of numerous genes within the Australian felid isolate genomes, encoding putative proteins involved in DNA transfer, metabolism, DNA replication, host cell interaction and restriction modification systems. Additionally, a novel mycoplasma phage was detected in one Australian felid M. felis isolate by genomic analysis and visualized using cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This study has highlighted the complex genomic dynamics in different host environments. Furthermore, the sequences obtained in this work will enable the development of new diagnostic tools, and identification of future infection control and treatment options for the respiratory disease complex in cats.

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“…Mycoplasmas evolved from Gram positive bacterial ancestors 600 million years ago [2], and have undergone rapid genome reduction during evolution [3, 4]. They are cell wall-less, Gram negative pleomorphic bacteria and can be found to infect and cause both acute and chronic disease in a diverse array of animal and plant species [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They evolved from Gram positive bacterial ancestors 600 million years ago [2] and have undergone considerable genome reduction during their evolution [3,4]. They lack a cell wall, are pleomorphic and can infect and cause acute and chronic disease in a diverse range of animal and plant species [5]. Some mycoplasmas have been found to exhibit significant genetic plasticity and to evolve rapidly, mainly driven by intra-species spontaneous mutation and recombination or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between and within species, facilitating swift adaptation to environmental changes, enhancing survival and/or virulence [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage inMycoplasma felis: genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Klose,

Legione,

Bushell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We present the complete genomes of four clinical isolates ofMycoplasma felisfrom three domestic cats, assembled with the aid of short and long read sequencing methods. The completed genomes encode a median of 759 open reading frames (min, 743, max 777) and a median 98.2% average nucleotide identity to that of the available equid origin reference strain. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the occurrence of multiple horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events and genome reassortment. This resulted in the acquisition or loss of numerous genes within the Australian felid genomes, encoding putative proteins involved in DNA transfer, metabolism, DNA replication, host cell interaction, and restriction modification systems. Additionally, a novel mycoplasma phage was detected in one Australian felidM. felisisolate via genomic analysis and visualised via cryo transmission electron microscopy. This research identifies complex genomic dynamics and evolutionary adaptation of mycoplasmas to different host environments. Furthermore, the sequences obtained in this work are important for the development of new diagnostic tools, and identification of future infection control and treatment options for respiratory disease complex in cats.Data summaryAll genome data for this study have been deposited in GenBank under BioProject PRJNA906261. Genome assemblies, as well as Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequence reads for each isolate can be found under their respective BioSamples:SAMN32182834(isolate 047),SAMN32182835(isolate 219),SAMN32182836(isolate 329), andSAMN32182837(isolate 632). The authors confirm all supporting data and protocols have been provided within the article.Impact statementMycoplasma felisis commonly associated with clinical cases of conjunctivitis and feline respiratory disease complex in cats, the leading cause of euthanasia in shelters. In the absence of vaccines, infection control is currently limited to the prolonged use of antimicrobials. Prior to this study there was only one complete genome assembly ofM. felis, which was isolated from a horse. The outcomes from this study marks the first high quality hybrid assembled genomes assembled from cats. This work adds four new genomes from clinical cases, as well as the identification and validation of the presence of a novel phage that utilises the mycoplasma translation table. The genome data presented here can assist future projects investigating improved diagnostics and development of new treatment options.RepositoriesAll sequence data and assemblies for data associated with this project can be found under the GenBank Bioproject: PRJNA906261

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Mycoplasmas

Cited by 4 publications

References 146 publications

A Molecular and Histopathological Study on Bronchopneumonia in Cats

A Molecular and Histopathological Study on Bronchopneumonia in Cats

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage in Mycoplasma felis: Genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage inMycoplasma felis: genomic investigations of four feline isolates

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