Mycoplasmal panencephalitis: a neuropathologic documentation

Powers, James M.; Johnson, Mahlon D.

doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0960-1

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Mollicutes bacteria are known to occur as parasites on many eukaryotes [91], including algae [92,93] and many invertebrate taxa, such as bivalves [94], bryozoans [95], crustaceans [96], ctenophores [97], gastropods [93,98], and other cnidarians [50][51][52]99]. Some Mollicutes species are considered to be pathogens of metazoans [96,100,101], including humans [102]. These species may have a parasitic lifestyle, since they are characterized by small size and simple cell structure, lack of a cell wall, small genome, and simplified metabolic pathways [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health

et al. 2020

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Jellyfish blooms are frequent and widespread in coastal areas worldwide, often associated with significant ecological and socio-economic consequences. Recent studies have also suggested cnidarian jellyfish may act as vectors of bacterial pathogens. The scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo is an outbreak-forming jellyfish widely occurring across the Mediterranean basin. Using combination of culture-based approaches and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS), and based on available knowledge on a warm-affinity jellyfish-associated microbiome, we compared the microbial community associated with R. pulmo adult jellyfish in the Gulf of Taranto (Ionian Sea) between summer (July 2016) and winter (February 2017) sampling periods. The jellyfish-associated microbiota was investigated in three distinct compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Rhodothermaeota, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Thaumarchaeota were the phyla isolated from all the three R. pulmo compartments in the sampling times. In particular, the main genera Mycoplasma and Spiroplasma, belonging to the class Mollicutes (phylum Tenericutes), have been identified in all the three jellyfish compartments. The taxonomic microbial data were coupled with metabolic profiles resulting from the utilization of 31 different carbon sources by the BIOLOG Eco-Plate system. Microorganisms associated with mucus are characterized by great diversity. The counts of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and potential metabolic activities are also remarkable. Results are discussed in terms of R. pulmo ecology, the potential health hazard for marine and human life as well as the potential biotechnological applications related to the associated microbiome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health

et al. 2020

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“…Early-onset encephalitis is more likely to be PCR positive, indicating a direct effect of the organism, while late-onset encephalitis is usually PCR negative and associated with antiganglioside antibodies which may develop as a result of cross-reactivity with mycoplasmal glycolipids. M. pneumoniae antigen has been demonstrated in brain tissue by immunohistochemistry and by PCR in diseased areas of the brain in patients who died with fatal encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, or acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, indicative of the severity that can occur with this infection (244)(245)(246). Stroke, striatal necrosis, and psychological disorders can occur following M. pneumoniae infection, most likely due to vascular injury (180).…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond

et al. 2017

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is an important cause of respiratory tract infections in children as well as adults that can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Over the past several years there has been much new information published concerning infections caused by this organism. New molecular-based tests for detection are now commercially available in the United States, and advances in molecular typing systems have enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of infections. More strains have had their entire genome sequences published, providing additional insights into pathogenic mechanisms. Clinically significant acquired macrolide resistance has emerged worldwide and is now complicating treatment. susceptibility testing methods have been standardized, and several new drugs that may be effective against this organism are undergoing development. This review focuses on the many new developments that have occurred over the past several years that enhance our understanding of this microbe, which is among the smallest bacterial pathogens but one of great clinical importance.

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“…Acute fulminant cerebral edema (AFCE) has recently been recognized as a rare but devastating phenotype of suspected encephalitis (17). Four pediatric patients have been reported to have developed AFCE in association with COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (18). The case definition for AFCE was proposed as follows: fever, altered mental status, and/or new-onset seizures, followed by progression to diffuse cerebral edema as documented by neuroimaging and/or autopsy, with the exclusion of organic brain injury, metabolic disorders, or pre-existing neurological diseases (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema With Perivascular Abnormalities Related to Kawasaki Disease

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis in children, but 0.4% of patients with KD exhibit central nervous system involvement. Acute encephalitis and encephalopathy accompanied with KD have been reported to be mostly self-limiting complications.Case Presentation: A 2-year-old girl developed recurrent vomiting, a cluster of generalized seizures, and decreased consciousness on day 12 after the onset of KD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted images on day 13 showed high signal intensities in bilaterally symmetrical and subcortical white matter and thalamus, and linear radial hyperintensities parallel to the cerebral vessels of the periventricular white matter. Diffuse white matter hyperintensity on the apparent diffusion coefficient map suggested vasogenic edema. Subsequently, lethal cerebral edema rapidly progressed in 8 hrs after the MRI examination.Conclusion: To our knowledge, acute fulminant cerebral edema in patients with KD has not been previously reported. We should be aware of the possibility of severe encephalitis related to KD. Furthermore, diffuse white matter vasogenic edema with perivascular abnormalities on MRI may be an alerm, potentially leading to fatal cerebral edema.

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Mycoplasmal panencephalitis: a neuropathologic documentation

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health

The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health

Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond

Case Report: Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema With Perivascular Abnormalities Related to Kawasaki Disease

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