Mycoplasma synoviae and Reovirus: (re)emerging infectious diseases in broiler Breeders

Abstract

ABSTRACT.Broiler breeders are one of the most important components of the poultry industry. This type of birds is susceptible to several agents that interfere with the immune system and predispose to infection. If transmission of pathogens to progeny is considered, their economic impact will be amplified in the broiler farms, compromising the entire production results. Construction of multi-age farms poses a significant epidemiological risk. In fact, these farms have grown in size and density, and an ideal environment has been created for agents such as Mycoplasma synoviae and Reovirus to thrive. A general review of the scientific literature concerning M. synoviae and Reovirus in broiler breeders is presented on their epidemiology, economic importance, pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs, diagnosis, control, treatment and prevention.

Molecular identification of Mycoplasma synoviae from breeder chicken flock showing arthritis in Egypt

“…Besides, it is also used for the screening of other pathogens such as MG and SGP in poultry flocks. The test is rapid, inexpensive with efficient sensitivity but low specificity [14,24].…”

“…The study targeted MS and ARV as major infectious causes of leg problems emerging at the broiler breeder level and also characterized by their vertical transmission [24]. The nature of MS is being a fastidious organism needs special nutritional requirements, thus its culturing and isolation is not preferred for flock screening due to its difficulty and time-consuming.…”

“…Viral arthritis/tenosynovitis is the most important in broiler breeder chickens. ARV can induce arthritis or tenosynovitis either alone or in combination with other pathogens as MS, Staphylococcus spp., and E. coli [22-24]. The ARV genome consists of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA: Four small (S1, S2, S3, and S4), three medium (M1, M2, and M3), and three large (L1, L2, and L3) [22].…”

Molecular detection of Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus infection in arthritis and tenosynovitis lesions of broiler and breeder chickens in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

“…For the poultry industry worldwide, infectious arthritis or tenosynovitis in broilers and breeders caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae (division Firmicutes) and avian reoviruses (ARVs) (family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus ) is a serious economic and health problem. These infections result in major economic losses due to reduced production and downgrading of meat at processing plants (Moreira, Cardoso & Coelho 2017), and the associated pain and limitation of movement impact negatively on animal welfare.…”

“…Avian reoviruses (ARVs), a type of ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, are associated with severe arthritis or tenosynovitis, chronic respiratory diseases, leg weakness, immunosuppression and malabsorption syndrome (Landman & Feberwee 2012; Zhong et al 2016). Mixed infection caused by both M. synoviae and ARV in chickens results in exacerbation of clinicopathological effects (Dobson & Glisson 1992; Moreira et al 2017; Reck et al 2012).…”