Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae surface-associated proteases cleave bradykinin, substance P, neurokinin A and neuropeptide Y

Jarocki, Veronica M.; Raymond, Benjamin B. A.; Tacchi, Jessica L.; Padula, Matthew P.; Djordjevic, Steven P.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51116-w

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The oligoendopeptidase F (SMM0146), belonging to thimet oligopeptidase family member, was proved as a surface-exposed proteases of M. hyopneumoniae ( Jarocki et al, 2019 ). EF-Tu (SMM_0065) and EF-G (SMM_0064) were identified as antigenic proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome and antigen proteome analysis of Spiroplasma mirum

Liu

Li²,

Ye³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Spiroplasma mirum, small motile wall-less bacteria, was originally isolated from a rabbit tick and had the ability to infect newborn mice and caused cataracts. In this study, the whole genome and antigen proteins of S. mirum were comparative analyzed and investigated. Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, arginine metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and citrate fermentation were found in S. mirum, while trichloroacetic acid, fatty acids metabolism, phospholipid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, lactose-specific PTS, and cofactors synthesis were completely absent. The Sec systems of S. mirum consist of SecA, SecE, SecDF, SecG, SecY, and YidC. Signal peptidase II was identified in S. mirum, but no signal peptidase I. The relative gene order in S. mirum is largely conserved. Genome analysis of available species in Mollicutes revealed that they shared only 84 proteins. S. mirum genome has 381 pseudogenes, accounting for 31.6% of total protein-coding genes. This is the evidence that spiroplasma genome is under an ongoing genome reduction. Immunoproteomics, a new scientific technique combining proteomics and immunological analytical methods, provided the direction of our research on S. mirum. We identified 49 proteins and 11 proteins (9 proteins in common) in S. mirum by anti-S. mirum serum and negative serum, respectively. Forty proteins in S. mirum were identified in relation to the virulence. All these proteins may play key roles in the pathogeny and can be used in the future for diagnoses and prevention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome and antigen proteome analysis of Spiroplasma mirum

Liu

Li²,

Ye³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…In addition to nucleases, some proteases may also have immunomodulatory effects. M. hyopneumoniae endopeptidase F and XAA pro-aminopeptidase, which are both found in the exoproteome (Table 1), have recently been shown to be involved in the degradation of peptides that play a role in innate immunity (Jarocki et al, 2019). These data have started to demonstrate a role of the mycoplasma releasome in evasion of the immune system and modulation of its activity, which are two important features of mycoplasma virulence (Leal Zimmer et al, 2020;Askar et al, 2021;Jiang et al, 2021;Yiwen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Modulators Of Host Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mycoplasma spp. ‘Releasome’: A New Concept for a Long-Known Phenomenon

Gaurivaud

Tardy

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The bacterial secretome comprises polypeptides expressed at the cell surface or released into the extracellular environment as well as the corresponding secretion machineries. Despite their reduced coding capacities, Mycoplasma spp. are able to produce and release several components into their environment, including polypeptides, exopolysaccharides and extracellular vesicles. Technical difficulties in purifying these elements from the complex broth media used to grow mycoplasmas have recently been overcome by optimizing growth conditions and switching to chemically defined culture media. However, the secretion pathways responsible for the release of these structurally varied elements are still poorly described in mycoplasmas. We propose the use of the term ‘releasome,’ instead of secretome, to refer to molecules released by mycoplasmas into their environment. The aim of this review is to more precisely delineate the elements that should be considered part of the mycoplasmal releasome and their role in the interplay of mycoplasmas with host cells and tissues.

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“…PepP cleaves the N-terminal penultimate proline from bradykinin, substance P, and neuropeptide Y, while PepF cleaves full-length bradykinin, substance P, and neurokinin A. Both PepP and PepF modulate mucociliary clearance and inflammatory response [238][239][240]. Furthermore, the M. bovis Hubei-1 strain also secretes thirteen cytoplasmic peptidases and an extracellular cysteine protease (MMB_0708) that can degrade the host extracellular matrix proteins into oligopeptides to satisfy the M. bovis nitrogen requirement [143].…”

Section: Protease/peptidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection strategies of mycoplasmas: Unraveling the panoply of virulence factors

Chen

Qin

et al. 2021

Virulence

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Mycoplasmas, the smallest bacteria lacking a cell wall, can cause various diseases in both humans and animals. Mycoplasmas harbor a variety of virulence factors that enable them to overcome numerous barriers of entry into the host; using accessory proteins, mycoplasma adhesins can bind to the receptors or extracellular matrix of the host cell. Although the host immune system can eradicate the invading mycoplasma in most cases, a few sagacious mycoplasmas employ a series of invasion and immune escape strategies to ensure their continued survival within their hosts. For instance, capsular polysaccharides are crucial for anti-phagocytosis and immunomodulation. Invasive enzymes degrade reactive oxygen species, neutrophil extracellular traps, and immunoglobulins. Biofilm formation is important for establishing a persistent infection. During proliferation, successfully surviving mycoplasmas generate numerous metabolites, including hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide; or secrete various exotoxins, such as communityacquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin, and hemolysins; and express various pathogenic enzymes, all of which have potent toxic effects on host cells. Furthermore, some inherent components of mycoplasmas, such as lipids, membrane lipoproteins, and even mycoplasmagenerated superantigens, can exert a significant pathogenic impact on the host cells or the immune system. In this review, we describe the proposed virulence factors in the toolkit of notorious mycoplasmas to better understand the pathogenic features of these bacteria, along with their pathogenic mechanisms.

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae surface-associated proteases cleave bradykinin, substance P, neurokinin A and neuropeptide Y

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

The genome and antigen proteome analysis of Spiroplasma mirum

The genome and antigen proteome analysis of Spiroplasma mirum

The Mycoplasma spp. ‘Releasome’: A New Concept for a Long-Known Phenomenon

Infection strategies of mycoplasmas: Unraveling the panoply of virulence factors

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