Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs: Duration of the disease and evaluation of four diagnostic assays

Sørensen, Vibeke; Ahrens, Peter; Barfod, Kristen; Feenstra, Anne Avlund; Feld, Niels Christian; Friis, Ν. F.; Bille‐Hansen, Vivi; Jensen, N. E.; Pedersen, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(96)01266-7

Cited by 112 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The 4 serological tests have a high specificity and sensitivity [3,33,35]. None of these tests discriminated between different isotype classes of immunoglobulins.…”

Section: Serological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of four major respiratory pathogens in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds

et al. 2000

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-The objective of this study was to investigate sero-epidemiological aspects of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh), influenza H 1 N 1 and H 3 N 2 viruses and Aujeszky disease virus (ADV) in fattening pigs from 150 randomly selected farrow-to-finish pig herds. Different herd factors were examined as potential risk indicators for the percentage of pigs with antibodies against the 4 pathogens. The median within-herd seroprevalences of the pathogens were: Mh 76%, H 1 N 1 100%, H 3 N 2 40% and ADV 53%. There was a positive association between the seroprevalences of both influenza viruses, and a negative association between the seroprevalences of ADV and H 1 N 1 . The percentage of pigs seropositive for Mh increased with the purchase of gilts and with the season (slaughter date in MarchApril). The within-herd seroprevalences of both influenza viruses were higher in the case of a higher density of pig herds in the municipality. A higher number of fattening pigs per pen additionally increased the risk of being seropositive for H 3 N 2 . The percentage of pigs with anti-gE-antibodies against the wild type ADV increased with higher airspace stocking density in the finishing unit, increasing herd size, increasing number of pig herds in the municipality and slaughter date in March-April. Increased seroprevalences for these 4 respiratory pathogens were mostly associated with pig density in the herd and its vicinity, the winter period, and with the purchase of gilts. Purchase of gilts, number of fattening pigs per pen and airspace stocking density are risk factors that can be managed directly by farmers striving to attain a high respiratory health status of pigs. pig / respiratory infections / seroprevalence / epidemiology Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 313-327 313

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“…The 4 serological tests have a high specificity and sensitivity [3,33,35]. None of these tests discriminated between different isotype classes of immunoglobulins.…”

Section: Serological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of four major respiratory pathogens in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds

et al. 2000

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“…Although pigs are susceptible at any age, it is well known that M. hyopneumoniae infection occurs most often in the nursery phase and, due to its long incubation period, clinical signs and lesions will appear later, in the grower and finisher stages. Experimental studies (Sorensen et al 1997, Deblanc et al 2013 indicate that the onset of the clinical signs is one week after inoculation, reaching the greatest severity after the 20th day. In vitro, M. hyorhinis growth is faster than M. hyopneumoniae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples had histological changes of varying intensities, and they were characterized by inflammatory infiltrate, composed mainly of lymphocytes, adjacent to the bronchi, bronchioles and blood vessels and, in some cases, hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles (Doster & Lin 1988, Sorensen et al 1997, Lin et al 2006. The average of the semi-quantification of histological lesions of group 1 was significantly higher than group 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of the samples used for PCR or FISH, swabs and lung fragments, respectively, might explain this difference, because the tissue area examined by FISH is much smaller than the sample examined by PCR. Sorensen et al (1997) evaluated different diagnostic techniques for M. hyopneumoniae and observed that there is a reduction in temporal sensitivity, declining progressively over time during the course of infection in all diagnostic techniques. The chronological effect could be linked to the amount of the agent in the tested sample, meaning that with the evolution of the process, a lower amount of Mycoplasma would be present, decreasing the sensitivity of the techniques (Thacker 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection in early cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine and evaluation of diagnostic assays

Pereira

Vannucci²,

Gabardo

et al. 2017

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Infecção por Mycoplasma hyorhinis em casos precoces de pneumonia micoplásmica em suínos e comparação entre técnicas diagnósticas.] A pneumonia micoplásmica causada por bactérias do gênero Mycoplasma é uma enfermidade de grande importância para indústria suinícola, sendo ainda controverso o papel desempenhado por Mycoplasma hyorhinis nessa doença. A confirmação da presença dessas bactérias bem como a identificação de seus papéis em doenças respiratórias continua sendo um grande desafio. Os objetivos desse estudo foram comparar diferentes técnicas, em especial a de hibridização fluorescente in situ (FISH), para diagnóstico de micoplasmoses respiratória em suínos naturalmente infectados e avaliar a presença do M. hyorhinis em casos precoces de pneumonia micoplásmica. Mycoplasmal pneumonia is an important disease in the pig industry. Due to the controversial role of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in this disease, confirmation of the presence of this bacterium and the identification of its roles in respiratory disease remain major challenges. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of M. hyorhinis in early cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia and to determine the usefulness of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the diagnosis of respiratory mycoplasmosis in naturally infected pigs. Ninety M. hyopneumoniae and/or M. hyorhinis-infected lung tissue samples based on diagnostic mosaic (DM) were used. The average age of the animals was 116 and 57 days (P<0.01) for groups 1 (positive-M. hyopneumoniae only) and 2 (positive-M. hyorhinis only), respectively. These findings suggest that development of lesions caused by M. hyorhinis occurs earlier than for M. hyopneumoniae. Using the DM as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of FISH for M. hyopneumoniae were 75 and 100%, respectively, and were 40 and 73.3% for the immunohistochemistry (IHC). The sensitivity and specificity of FISH for M. hyorhinis were 76.7 and 100%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that FISH can be a useful tool for diagnosing mycoplasmosis. Viral antigens (PCV2 or influenza A) were detected in 53.3% (16/30) of the samples in group 2 (M. hyorhinis-PCR positive) and 13.3% (4/30) of the samples in group 1 (M. hyopneumoniae-PCR positive). This finding indicates that the association of M. hyorhinis and viral infection in nursery pigs likely starts due to a viral immunosuppressive condition.

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“…At present, the diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia is based on clinical signs and histopathological lesions in many diagnostic laboratories (Whitford et al, 1994). It is important to notice that the presence of M. hyopneumoniae is evidenced during the whole disease course while clinical and pathological signs are dependent on the disease stage (Sorensen et al, 1997;Calsamiglia et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lungs and nasal swabs of pigs by nested PCR

Silva¹,

Castro²,

Júnior³

et al. 2009

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Fifty-four samples were collected from growing and finishing pigs for the molecular diagnosis of enzootic porcine pneumonia. Nineteen lung fragments were obtained from pigs that showed signs of respiratory disease and 35 nasal swabs were obtained from clinically healthy pigs. For the detection of the bacterial genome in the samples, the nested PCR technique was used to amplify a fragment of 706bp. This fragment was subsequently cloned and sequenced. The sequence of obtained nucleotides was compared with six other sequences of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and 11 sequences of other bacteria available in the Genbank. To measure the sensitivity of the nested PCR, serial dilutions (10 -1 to 10 -15 ) of cloned fragments were conducted based on the concentration of 300ng. Ten lung fragments and eight nasal swabs showed positive for M. hyopneumoniae and the limit of detection was estimated to be 0.3fg DNA cloned. The sequence of nucleotides obtained showed 99.1% homology with the other sequences of M. hyopneumoniae, demonstrating that the nested PCR used in this study may provide an important diagnostic tool for the detection of this agent.

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs: Duration of the disease and evaluation of four diagnostic assays

Cited by 112 publications

References 8 publications

Herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of four major respiratory pathogens in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds

Herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of four major respiratory pathogens in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds

Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection in early cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine and evaluation of diagnostic assays

Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lungs and nasal swabs of pigs by nested PCR

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