Mycoplasma genitalium attaches to human spermatozoa

Svenstrup, Helle Friis; Fedder, Jens; Abraham-Peskir, Joanna V.; Birkelund, Svend; Christiansen, Gunna

doi:10.1093/humrep/deg392

Cited by 87 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The route of infection has not yet been established, but most likely M. genitalium reaches the tubes by colonization of the lower genital tract and from there spreads into the upper genital tract. However, in a previous study we have shown that M. genitalium can attach to motile spermatozoa and then may hitch-hike to the female upper genital tract (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and tubal factor infertility—a prospective study

Svenstrup¹,

Fedder²,

Kristoffersen

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

124

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and tubal factor infertility—a prospective study

Svenstrup¹,

Fedder²,

Kristoffersen

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

124

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“…It is essential that immune responses are generated only in response to pathogenic organisms while foreign antigens such as sperm and the conceptus are ignored [63]. The former is particularly difficult because pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium can be carried by sperm [64][65][66]. Controlling TLR activation in mucosal tissue by restricting TLR expression has been observed in intestinal epithelial tissues [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells Cyclically Express Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and Exhibit TLR3-Dependent Responses to dsRNA

et al. 2005

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Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) responds to dsRNA, a product of most viral life cycles, and initiates production of proinflammatory and antiviral cytokines. The role of TLR3 in human mucosal immunity of the endometrium has not been examined. The effects of TLR3 ligation in endometrial epithelium could be significant as the endometrium is a significant site for viral entry and infection. Additionally, the cytokine milieu plays an essential role in normal functions of the endometrium such as uterine cycle progression, epithelial proliferation and shedding, and embryo implantation. In this study, we demonstrated cycle dependent expression of functional TLR3 in primary endometrial epithelial tissue and expression of intracellular TLR3 in human endometrial epithelial cell lines. We established that stimulation of TLR3-positive cell lines and primary human endometrial epithelial cells with dsRNA leads to TLR3-dependent expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 10, RANTES, and IFN-β. These results indicate that the cytokine profile of human endometrial epithelial cells can be modified through TLR3 stimulation. Our findings suggest that TLR3 is involved in the immune responses of endometrial epithelial cells after exposure to dsRNA and has the potential to alter the cytokine milieu and influence the outcome and consequences of infection.

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“…genitalium organisms have been shown to adhere by their terminal structure to the head, midpiece, and tail of human spermatozoa in vitro and in sufficient numbers affect their motility (186). Whether this could reduce male fertility in vivo is unknown.…”

Section: Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to Multicolored Butterfly

2011

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SUMMARY The history, replication, genetics, characteristics (both biological and physical), and factors involved in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma genitalium are presented. The latter factors include adhesion, the influence of hormones, motility, possible toxin production, and immunological responses. The preferred site of colonization, together with current detection procedures, mainly by PCR technology, is discussed. The relationships between M. genitalium and various diseases are highlighted. These diseases include acute and chronic nongonococcal urethritis, balanoposthitis, chronic prostatitis, and acute epididymitis in men and urethritis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and reproductive disease in women. A causative relationship, or otherwise strong association, between several of these diseases and M. genitalium is apparent, and the extent of this, on a subjective basis, is presented; also provided is a comparison between M. genitalium and two other genital tract-orientated mollicutes, namely, Mycoplasma hominis , the first mycoplasma of human origin to be discovered, and Ureaplasma species. Also discussed is the relationship between M. genitalium and infertility and also arthritis in both men and women, as is infection in homosexual and immunodeficient patients. Decreased immunity, as in HIV infections, may enhance mycoplasmal detection and increase disease severity. Finally, aspects of the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of M. genitalium , together with the treatment and possible prevention of mycoplasmal disease, are discussed.

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Mycoplasma genitalium attaches to human spermatozoa

Abstract: Mycoplasma genitalium can bind to human spermatozoa and thus could be carried by motile sperm. This ability may be important in the process of causing female genital diseases and infertility.

Cited by 87 publications

References 38 publications

Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and tubal factor infertility—a prospective study

Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and tubal factor infertility—a prospective study

Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells Cyclically Express Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and Exhibit TLR3-Dependent Responses to dsRNA

Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to Multicolored Butterfly

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