Mycoplasma genitalium among Adolescent Women and their Partners

Tosh, Aneesh K.; Pol, Barbara Van Der; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Williams, James A.; Katz, Barry P.; Batteiger, Byron E.; Orr, Donald P.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.12.005

Cited by 68 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Overall, 16.8% of women and 15.1% of men were found M. genitalium positive. These numbers are higher than results of similar studies of STD clinic attendees (1,3,10,29,38), which could be explained by the facts that our specimen collection was conducted over a rather short time period and the patient population consisted of women (and their partners) who were recruited after being diagnosed with nonviral STDs (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Analysis Identifying Common and Distinct Sequences among Texas Clinical Strains of Mycoplasma genitalium

Musatovova

Baseman

2009

J Clin Microbiol

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Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with numerous human genitourinary tract maladies, including nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis in men and cervicitis, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women (1,4,5,12,19,29,30,35,39). Understanding the epidemiological aspects of infections and developing effective treatment require reliable typing of pathogenic microorganisms. Since M. genitalium is very difficult to culture from clinical specimens (13, 21), classical microbiological typing methods are not readily applicable. Furthermore, serological approaches are not widely used because of cross-reactivity with other mycoplasmas, especially with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (15,26). Therefore, typing of M. genitalium strains relies on DNA sequence data. Recently, sequence variability of the rRNA operon and tandem repeats in the MG309 locus have been evaluated with clinical specimens (28). However, the majority of M. genitalium clinical sequence data available today is based upon the gene mgpB (locus MG191 of sequenced reference strain G37 [11]) encoding the M. genitalium adhesin MgPa (14,17,21). An M. genitaliumspecific diagnostic PCR assay was designed to target the proximal unique region of this gene (using primers MgPa-1 and MgPa-3 [22] and designated here "MgPa-13"). The MgPa-13 region has exhibited sequence stability in persistently infected patients for up to 21 months (17). Despite this intrastrain stability, high levels of sequence variability between clinical isolates were observed (14, 17). Based on this sequence region, transmission of M. genitalium between sexual partners was shown, as was colonization of different anatomical sites of the same patient by identical strains (14).Here, we present analysis of MgPa-13 sequences generated from clinical specimens collected at the Project S.A.F.E. sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in San Antonio, TX (36), from recruited female participants and their male partners. Alignment of MgPa-13 sequences corroborated transmission between partners and colonization of different anatomical sites by the same strain. Comparison of newly recovered sequences with all currently available clinical data (14, 17, 21) revealed not only the presence of several common variants but also distinct sequences. Analyses of encoded amino acids uncovered mutations that determine common features among MgPa-13 region variants. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrigin and processing of clinical specimens. A group of minority women (Mexican and African American) and their partners were recruited from public health clinics throughout San Antonio, TX, into a controlled randomized trial of behavioral-cognitive interventions to reduce the recurrence of STDs (36). Women were recruited into the study after being diagnosed with a nonviral STD, specifically infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrheae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or Treponema pallidum. At each clinic visit, urine specimens were obtained from both female and male subjects, and at the same time, vaginal and cervical swab (VC) speci...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Analysis Identifying Common and Distinct Sequences among Texas Clinical Strains of Mycoplasma genitalium

Musatovova

Baseman

2009

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Thus, a high rate of concordance of M. genitalium has been noted for partners (2,46,47,113,215,216); even more convincing has been the concordance of M. genitalium genotypes in infected couples (78,131). In addition, as in the case of M. pneumoniae, it is clear that M. genitalium is able to spread hematogenously from the primary site of colonization, as shown with experimentally infected subhuman male primates (223), therefore providing the opportunity to invade other sites, such as joints.…”

Section: Preffered Anatomical Site Of Colonization By M Genitalium Amentioning

confidence: 96%

Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to Multicolored Butterfly

2011

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SUMMARY The history, replication, genetics, characteristics (both biological and physical), and factors involved in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma genitalium are presented. The latter factors include adhesion, the influence of hormones, motility, possible toxin production, and immunological responses. The preferred site of colonization, together with current detection procedures, mainly by PCR technology, is discussed. The relationships between M. genitalium and various diseases are highlighted. These diseases include acute and chronic nongonococcal urethritis, balanoposthitis, chronic prostatitis, and acute epididymitis in men and urethritis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and reproductive disease in women. A causative relationship, or otherwise strong association, between several of these diseases and M. genitalium is apparent, and the extent of this, on a subjective basis, is presented; also provided is a comparison between M. genitalium and two other genital tract-orientated mollicutes, namely, Mycoplasma hominis , the first mycoplasma of human origin to be discovered, and Ureaplasma species. Also discussed is the relationship between M. genitalium and infertility and also arthritis in both men and women, as is infection in homosexual and immunodeficient patients. Decreased immunity, as in HIV infections, may enhance mycoplasmal detection and increase disease severity. Finally, aspects of the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of M. genitalium , together with the treatment and possible prevention of mycoplasmal disease, are discussed.

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“…The negative association between consistent use of condom and N. gonorrhoeae infection was previously demonstrated in some studies on commercial sex workers and people living with HIV (17,(20)(21)(22) but not in other studies (13,16,18,23,24). The discrepancy in this respect among the above related studies indicate that the use of condoms is not very effective for protection against M. genitalium infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

An Epidemiological Study of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections among Males Attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in Guangxi, China

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY:The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of urethral Mycoplasma genitalium infections among male patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in China and identify risk factors associated with this disease. A total of 423 patients were recruited in Hezhou City, Guangxi Province, China, and each was requested to complete a questionnaire regarding sociological and sexual behaviors. First-void urine samples were collected for M. genitalium analysis by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 406 urine samples collected, 114 were M. genitalium-positive, giving a prevalence rate of 28.1z. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that M. genitalium infection was associated with younger age, having received at least senior high school education, and single marital status. In both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, M. genitalium infection was found to be associated with lack of symptoms for STD in the past year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] ＝ 2.839; 95z CI ＝ 1.495-5.392; P ＝ 0.001), no use of condoms with steady partners in the past year (AOR ＝ 2.830; 95z CI ＝ 1.468-5.455; P ＝ 0.002), and having sexual encounters with female sexual workers within the past 3 months (AOR ＝ 2.955; 95z CI ＝ 1.637-5.336; P º 0.0003). The observed high rate of M. genitalium infection among male STD patients in Hezhou City indicates an M. genitalium epidemic in the study population; thus, the national surveillance program and clinical health providers in China should more closely monitor this disease. INTROUDCTIONMycoplasma genitalium was first isolated from 2 of 13 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in 1981 (1). By molecular assays, many studies have associated M. genitalium infection with acute NGU, particularly non-chlamydial NGU (NCNGU) in men (2-5), with a prevalence ranging from 5z to 42z (6). M. genitalium also plays an etiological role in both persistent and recurrent NGU with an estimated prevalence of 19z-41z in men with persistent or recurrent urethritis (4,6). Although M. genitalium is an emerging pathogen of NGU, a limited number of studies have observed an M. genitalium prevalence of 10z-24z among men with NGU in China (7-9). Moreover, the National Sentinel Surveillance Program of China reported that the prevalence of NGU since 2008 has been equivalent to that of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection (10), without including the rate of M. genitalium-positive NGU. Thus, the actual rate of NGU in China may have been grossly underestimated. Furthermore, most healthcare providers often neglect M. genitalium-positive NGU; therefore, very little information is available regarding the disease burden of this pathogen. A study conducted by our group recently reported the prevalence of C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among male patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic (MSP) in China (11); however, this study did not include M. genitalium infection. Therefore, as a supplementary study, our objective of the present study was to d...

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Mycoplasma genitalium among Adolescent Women and their Partners

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

Analysis Identifying Common and Distinct Sequences among Texas Clinical Strains of Mycoplasma genitalium

Analysis Identifying Common and Distinct Sequences among Texas Clinical Strains of Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to Multicolored Butterfly

An Epidemiological Study of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections among Males Attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in Guangxi, China

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