Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) infection in the kidneys of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated nephropathy: A light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study

Bauer, Frank; Wear, Douglas J.; Angritt, Peter; Lo, Shyh‐Ching

doi:10.1016/0046-8177(91)90063-u

Cited by 74 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is a potential pathogen in humans and in non-human primates [15]. An infectious agent isolated from a patient with AIDS [16] was later identi¢ed as a unique strain called M. fermentans, the (incognitus) strain [17]. Blanchard and Montagnier [18] suggested that mycoplasmas may play a role as a cofactor in one of the early stages of lentiviruses' life cycle and promote the disease in HIV-infected patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycoplasma genus and Mycoplasma fermentans by PCR in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Vojdani

1998

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Mycoplasma fermentans and other Mycoplasma species are colonizers of human mucosal surfaces and may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. While many infectious agents have been described in different percentages of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), little is known about the prevalence of mycoplasmas and especially M. fermentans in CFS patients. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used to detect Mycoplasma genus and M. fermentans genomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of CFS patients. Blood was collected from 100 patients with CFS and 50 control subjects. The amplified products of 717 bp of Mycoplasma genus, and 206 bp of M. fermentans were detected in DNA purified from blood samples in 52% and 34% of CFS samples, respectively. In contrast, these genomes were found in only 14% and 8% of healthy control subjects respectively (P 6 0.0001). All samples were confirmed by Southern blot with a specific probe based on internal sequences of the expected amplification product. Several samples, which were positive for Mycoplasma genus, were negative for M. fermentans indicating that other Mycoplasma species are involved. A quantitative PCR was developed to determine the number of M. fermentans genome copies present in 1 Wg of DNA for controls and CFS patients. Mycoplasma copy numbers ranging from 130 to 880 and from 264 to 2400 were detected in controls and CFS positive subjects, respectively. An enzyme immunoassay was applied for the detection of antibodies against p29 surface lipoprotein of M. fermentans to determine the relationship between M. fermentans genome copy numbers and antibody levels. Individuals with high genome copy numbers exhibited higher IgG and IgM antibodies against M. fermentans specific peptides. Isolation of this organism by culture from clinical specimens is needed in order to demonstrate specificity of signal detected by PCR in this study. z

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycoplasma genus and Mycoplasma fermentans by PCR in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Vojdani

1998

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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“…It was originally reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and was later found in non-AIDS patients. 49,63,64 Genetic and serologic comparisons subsequently confirmed that the organism originally designated as M. incognitus was a strain of M. fermentans. 65 Nicolson and Rosenberg-Nicolson have suggested that mycoplasmas might be the cause of postwar morbidity among Gulf War veterans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

No serologic evidence of an association found between Gulf War service and Mycoplasma fermentans infection.

Gray¹,

Kaiser²,

Hawksworth³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Occult occupational infection with Mycoplasma fermentans has been proposed as a cause for illness among Persian Gulf War veterans. Symptom data and sera from a 1994-1995 cross-sectional survey of Navy Seabees were used to select symptomatic and asymptomatic Gulf War veterans and nondeployed veterans to evaluate this hypothesis. Survey sera from 96 Seabees were matched to prewar (before September 1990) archived sera. Immunoblot serologic analyses were performed for M. fermentans in a controlled, blinded fashion. Both Gulf War veterans and nondeployed veterans had prewar and postwar serologic evidence of M. fermentans infection consistent with natural infection data. Among study subjects collectively, and stratified by Gulf War service, none of the immunoblot banding profiles (prewar or postwar) or their changes over time were associated with postwar symptoms. These serologic data do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans have experienced Gulf War-related morbidity from M. fermentans infection.

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“…1 In the present study, multifocal areas of interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes, fibrosis, tubular degeneration, and fibrosis of the Bowman's capsule were present in the kidneys of all experimental lambs, including the placebo-inoculated lamb. The presence of focal areas of interstitial nephritis in this lamb suggests that other factors may have been responsible for this change in the experimental lambs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Pathologic Responses of Lambs to Experimental Inoculation with Acholeplasma Laidlawii

Concha-Bermejillo

Magnus-Corral

Brodie³

et al. 1996

J VET Diagn Invest

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115-118 (1996) Pathologic responses of lambs to experimental inoculation with Acholeplasma laidlawii A. de la Concha-Bermejillo, S. Magnus-Corral, S. J. Brodie, R. F. Rosenbusch, J. C. DeMartiniContamination of cell culture by mycoplasmas is a common problem in research laboratories. In many instances, this contamination may remain undetected, thus resulting in the misinterpretation of experimental results. Several species of mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. arginini, M. salivarium, M. orale, M. gallisepticum, and Acholeplasma laidawii induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1ß IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. 15 Inoculation of neonatal lambs with ovine lentivirus (OvLV) has been used to study the pathogenesis of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP). In this model, lambs inoculated intratracheally with OvLV develop LIP 5-6 months after OvLV challenge. 17 Others have shown that some mycoplasmas can affect lentivirus replication and cytopathic effect in vitro. 18Late in the course of an experiment to characterize the pathogenesis of ovine progressive pneumonia in neonatal lambs, we found that the virus inocula used for this study were contaminated with a strain of A. laidlawii. 7,8 Ovine progressive pneumonia is a chronic debilitating disease of sheep caused by OvLV and characterized by lesions of LIP, regional lymphadenomegaly, and sometimes nonsuppurative encephalitis, mastitis, and erosive polyarthritis. Received for publication February 13, 1995. inants found in vaccines and other inocula, we examined the pathologic responses of neonatal lambs to experimental inoculation with a strain of A. laidlawii that was isolated as a cell culture contaminant. Five neonatal Suffolk lambs were used in this experiment. Two lambs (90/15, 90/16) were inoculated intratracheally at birth with 1 x 10 9 colony-forming units (CFU) of the strain of A. laidlawii isolated from 1 of the OvLV inocula. Two other lambs (90/17, 90/19) were inoculated in the same way with 1 x 10 10 CFU. A fifth lamb was inoculated with a placebo and used as a control. Newborn lambs were maintained in individual pens in rooms with temperature and air flow controls. Separate rooms were used for lambs inoculated with Acholeplasma and the placebo. Sets of bottles, nipples, and cleaning instruments were also kept separated for each group. Animal caretakers were required to change clothes and rubber boots between rooms.Clinical examinations were conducted and rectal temperatures were determined once daily after challenge. Febrile sheep were defined as those with rectal temperatures > 104.0 F (40 C). Serum samples collected at weeks 0, 4, 12, and 20 were examined for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations (Colorado State Veterinary Teaching Hospital).Nasal swabs were obtained from all lambs previous to A. laidlawii inoculation. Synovial fluid from lambs 90/15 and 90/16 were collected 3 weeks postinoculation. Kidney and lungs from all lambs and cau...

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Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) infection in the kidneys of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated nephropathy: A light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

Detection of Mycoplasma genus and Mycoplasma fermentans by PCR in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Detection of Mycoplasma genus and Mycoplasma fermentans by PCR in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

No serologic evidence of an association found between Gulf War service and Mycoplasma fermentans infection.

Pathologic Responses of Lambs to Experimental Inoculation with Acholeplasma Laidlawii

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