Mycoplasma bovis Mastitis

Gelgie, Aga E.; Korsa, Mesula Geloye; Dego, Oudessa Kerro

doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100123

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is an important disease in dairy animals and breast-feeding women. The disease is caused by ascending infection through the teat canal of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycoplasma bovis (Shpigel et al, 1998;Dyson et al, 2022;Gelgie et al, 2022;Kurban et al, 2022). Mastitis is a good example of an infectious disease caused by a dominant pathogen and heeding the concept of Koch's postulates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune profiling of experimental murine mastitis reveals conserved response to mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma bovis, and Streptococcus uberis

et al. 2023

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Mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically important diseases of dairy animals. The disease is caused by ascending bacterial infection through the teat canal. Among the most common mastitis-causing bacteria are Gram-negative coliforms, Gram-positive streptococci and staphylococci, and mycoplasma. The most prominent cellular hallmark of acute mammary infection is a massive recruitment of blood neutrophils into the tubular and alveolar milk spaces. The complex biological processes of leukocyte recruitment, activation, adhesion, and migration in the mammary gland remain largely elusive to date. While field research of mastitis in dairy animals contributed a lot to the development of mitigation, control, and even eradication programs, little progress was made toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. We report here experimental mastitis model systems in lactating mice challenged with field strains of common udder pathogens in dairy cows. We used these model systems to apply recently developed multiplex gene expression technology (Nanostring nCounter), which enabled us to study the expression of over 700 immune genes. Our analysis revealed a core of 100 genes that are similarly regulated and functionally or physically interacting in E. coli, M. bovis, and Strep uberis murine mastitis. Common significantly enriched gene sets include TNFɑ signaling via NFkB, Interferon gamma and alpha response, and IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling. In addition, we show a significantly enriched expression of genes associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in glands challenged by the three pathogens. Ligand-receptor analysis revealed interactions shared by the three pathogens, including the interaction of the cytokines IL1β, IL1ɑ, and TNFɑ with their receptors, and proteins involved in immune cell recruitment such as complement C3 and ICAM1 (with CD11b), chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 (with CCR1), and CSF3 (with CSF3R). Taken together, our results show that mammary infection with E. coli, M. bovis, and Strep uberis culminated in the activation of a conserved core of immune genes and pathways including NET formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune profiling of experimental murine mastitis reveals conserved response to mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma bovis, and Streptococcus uberis

et al. 2023

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“…For example, pathogens with fastidious growth that require special cultivate conditions such as specialized equipment and reagents in laboratory settings (e.g., Mycoplasma spp. [34]), sample storage conditions (e.g., sample freezing and increased length of storage [35]), and spontaneous clearance of the pathogen by a cow's immune system [36,37]. In our study, Escherichia coli was the most frequent pathogen isolated from CM cases, and it has been associated with results of no growth in a preview study [38].…”

Section: Frequency and Profile Of Mastitis Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 63%

Association between Mastitis Occurrence in Dairy Cows and Bedding Characteristics of Compost-Bedded Pack Barns

et al. 2023

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Compost-bedded pack barns (CB) are receiving increasing attention as a housing system that can potentially improve the welfare of dairy cows. This study characterized the frequency and profile of pathogens isolated from clinical (CM) and subclinical (SCM) mastitis in dairy cows housed in CB. It evaluated the association between mastitis occurrence and bedding characteristics in CB systems. Over six months, seven dairy herds were visited monthly for milk and bedding sample collections. Milk samples from mastitis cases were submitted to microbiological identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF MS). Bedding samples were submitted to physical-chemical (pH, organic matter, moisture, and carbon to nitrogen ratio) and microbiological counting (total bacterial counts, coliforms, streptococci, and staphylococci) analyses. Regression analysis was used to determine the association between mastitis occurrence and CB characteristics. Our results showed that Escherichia coli and environmental streptococci were the most frequently isolated pathogens from CM cases, while Staphylococcus chromogenes and contagious pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) were the most commonly isolated from SCM cases. Bedding moisture content was positively associated with the incidence of CM. The bedding carbon to nitrogen ratio was negatively associated with the incidence of SCM, and the bedding total bacteria counts tended to be associated with the incidence of SCM. Bedding counts of coliforms positively associated with the prevalence of SCM. Our results can support decision-makers in the dairy industry seeking strategies for bedding management and mastitis control.

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“…Fragmentary information is available on the molecular and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying M. bovis infection. As seen in other mycoplasma species, it is well assessed that the membrane proteins contribute to this process, mainly modulating host immune response [ 130 ].…”

Section: Mycoplasmas and Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycoplasmas induce an acute inflammatory response, but chronic infections with recurrent symptoms are frequent. Persistent Mycoplasma infections, often asymptomatic, can also be associated with post-infection inflammatory diseases, such as chronic respiratory diseases (atypical pneumonia and asthma), mastitis, pelvic and urogenital inflammatory pathologies, and autoimmune and immunosuppressive diseases [ 21 , 122 , 130 , 138 , 143 , 148 , 151 , 152 ]. Fragmentary data about the involvement of mycoplasmas in the development of these diseases are available for human infections.…”

Section: Relevance Of Nets To Immunity and Mycoplasma Acute And Chron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating the Enemy: Mycoplasma Strategies to Evade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Promoting Bacterial Nucleotides Uptake and Inflammatory Damage

Cacciotto

Alberti

2022

IJMS

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Neutrophils are effector cells involved in the innate immune response against infection; they kill infectious agents in the intracellular compartment (phagocytosis) or in the extracellular milieu (degranulation). Moreover, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), complex structures composed of a scaffold of decondensed DNA associated with histones and antimicrobial compounds; NETs entrap infectious agents, preventing their spread and promoting their clearance. NET formation is triggered by microbial compounds, but many microorganisms have evolved several strategies for NET evasion. In addition, the dysregulated production of NETs is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Mycoplasmas are reduced genome bacteria, able to induce chronic infections with recurrent inflammatory symptoms. Mycoplasmas’ parasitic lifestyle relies on metabolite uptake from the host. Mycoplasmas induce NET release, but their surface or secreted nucleases digest the NETs’ DNA scaffold, allowing them to escape from entrapment and providing essential nucleotide precursors, thus promoting the infection. The presence of Mycoplasma species has been associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, and cancer. The persistence of mycoplasma infection and prolonged NET release may contribute to the onset of chronic inflammatory diseases and needs further investigation and insights.

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Mycoplasma bovis Mastitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 83 publications

Immune profiling of experimental murine mastitis reveals conserved response to mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma bovis, and Streptococcus uberis

Immune profiling of experimental murine mastitis reveals conserved response to mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma bovis, and Streptococcus uberis

Association between Mastitis Occurrence in Dairy Cows and Bedding Characteristics of Compost-Bedded Pack Barns

Eating the Enemy: Mycoplasma Strategies to Evade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Promoting Bacterial Nucleotides Uptake and Inflammatory Damage

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