Mycoplasma Bovis adhesins and their target proteins

Abstract

Bovine mycoplasmosis is an important infectious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) which poses a serious threat to the breeding industry. Adhesin is involved in the initial process of M. bovis colonization, which is closely related to the infection, cell invasion, immune escape and virulence of this pathogenic microorganism. For the reason that M. bovis lacks a cell wall, its adhesin is predominantly located on the surface of the cell membrane. The adhesins of M. bovis are usually identified by adhesion and adhesion inhibition analysis, and more than 10 adhesins have been identified so far. These adhesins primarily bind to plasminogen, fibronectin, heparin and amyloid precursor-like protein-2 of host cells. This review aims to concisely summarize the current knowledge regarding the adhesins of M. bovis and their target proteins of the host cell. Additionally, the biological characteristics of the adhesin will be briefly analyzed.

MbovP0725, a secreted serine/threonine phosphatase, inhibits the host inflammatory response and affects metabolism in Mycoplasma bovis

“…Due to the lack of a cell wall in Mycoplasma , the surface or membrane localization proteins are believed to serve as the primary interface between M. bovis and their host. Previous studies have identified some virulence-associated genes of M. bovis involved in adhesion ( 8 ), invasion ( 9 ), peroxide production ( 10 ), biofilm formation ( 11 ), avoiding phagocytosis of neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages ( 12 ), modulating immune responses of the host by immunoglobulin-binding proteins ( 13 ), and degrading neutrophil extracellular traps through nucleases ( 14 , 15 ). Recently, the concepts of Mycoplasma secretome and releasome have been proposed, and several secreted proteins were found in many Mycoplasma species ( 16 ).…”

Mycoplasma agalactiae Vaccines: Current Status, Hurdles, and Opportunities Due to Advances in Pathogenicity Studies

“…To date, M. agalactiae proteins that have demonstrated the ability to adhere to the host cells are P40, in lamb joint synovial cells [ 54 ]; Vpmas (exhibiting differential adherence, with VpmaV and VpmaU being the most and least adherent variants, respectively), in HeLa and mammary stromal and endothelial cells [ 80 ]; and also MAG_1560, in HeLa cells and mammary stromal cells [ 63 ]. In this context, cues could be taken from several reported vaccine strategies that used bacterial adhesins as vaccine targets [ 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ], which could also be an alternative to avoid CA caused by M. agalactiae .…”

Mycoplasma synoviae lipid-associated membrane proteins identification and expression changes when exposed to chicken cells

“…Potential virulence-associated LAMPs were identified by searching for potential orthologous proteins in the Virulence Factor Database, 6 while the cytotoxic potential of these proteins was evaluated with BTXPred tools. The PHI-base database was used for pathogenic analysis.…”

“…Mycoplasma bovis membrane proteins mainly include heat shock proteins, glycoproteins and lipoproteins, which can stimulate cellular immunity and humoral immune responses. And the variable membrane protein improves the ability of M. bovis to evade host immune defenses (6). The membrane-associated cytotoxic nuclease MGA_0676 derived from M. gallisepticum plays an essential role in the nuclear translocation of this bacteria and the induction of apoptotic death in chicken cells (7).…”