Mycoplasma — Animal Pathogens

Ross, Richard F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2478-6_7

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…They are often host-specific, and domesticated animals usually harbour several mycoplasma species. Thus far, about 150 different mycoplasma species have been described, many of which are pathogenic, making the mycoplasmas and their phylogeny important in veterinary medicine (25,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and phylogeny of the goat mycoplasmas Mycoplasma adleri, Mycoplasma auris, Mycoplasma cottewii and Mycoplasma yeatsii

Heldtander

Pettersson²,

Tully³

et al. 1998

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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The nucleotide sequences of the 16s rRNA genes from the type strains of four goat mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma adleri, Mycoplasma auris, Mycoplasma cottewii and Mycoplasma yeatsii, were determined by direct solid-phase DNA sequencing. Polymorphisms were found in two of the 16s rRNA gene sequences, showing the existence of two different rRNA operons. Three polymorphisms were found in M. adleri, and one was found in M. yeatsii. The sequence information was used for the construction of phylogenetic trees. M. adleri was included in the Mycoplasma lipophilum cluster within the hominis group. M. auris was comprised in the Mycoplasma hominis cluster of the hominis group. M. cottewii and M. yeatsii were found to be very closely related with only four nucleotide differences, and they grouped with Mycoplasma putrefaciens in the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster within the spiroplasma group. Sequencing of two field isolates of M. coftewii and M. yeatsii, geographically distant from the type strains, showed that thel6S rRNA gene from the field isolate of M. cottewii was identical to the one from the type strain. The field isolate of M. yeafsii had only two nucleotide differences to the type strain and these were present in only one of the two rRNA operons. Sequencing of the 165 rRNA genes from two unidentified mycoplasma isolates from Nepal indicated that they should both be regarded as M. auris strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and phylogeny of the goat mycoplasmas Mycoplasma adleri, Mycoplasma auris, Mycoplasma cottewii and Mycoplasma yeatsii

Heldtander

Pettersson²,

Tully³

et al. 1998

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…One hallmark of these diseases is disease chronicity (47,54), but equally important is the ability to alter or circumvent the immune response and potentiate disease due to other pathogens (5,37,54). Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, a mild, chronic pneumonia of swine commonly complicated by opportunistic infections with other bacteria (46). Like most other members of the order Mycoplasmatales, M. hyopneumoniae is infective for a single host species, but the mechanisms of host specificity are unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain 232, the Agent of Swine Mycoplasmosis

et al. 2004

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“…About 150 species are known today, and they are closely related to gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content in the genome (17). Many mycoplasmas are pathogenic for animals, and they are therefore of great concern in veterinary medicine (18,20). Most mycoplasmas are host specific, and ruminants harbor a number of interesting species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Some Mycoplasmas from Ruminants Based on 16S rRNA Sequences and Definition of a New Cluster within the Hominis Group

Pettersson

Uhlén

Johansson

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

130

101

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Almost complete (>96%) 16s rRNA sequences from nine ruminant mycoplasmas have been determined by solid-phase DNA sequencing. Polymorphisms were found in four of the 16s rRNA sequences, which indicated the existence of two different rRNA operons. Seven polymorphisms were found in Mycoplasma agalactiae, three were found in Mycoplasma bovis, one was found in Mycoplasma alkalescens, and one was found in Mycophinu bovirhinis. The sequence data were used for construction of phylogenetic trees. All but one of the ruminant mycoplasmas sequenced in this work clustered in the hominis group. A close relationship was found between M. agalactiae and M. bovis, with a 99% nucleotide similarity between their 16s rRNA sequences. They were also found to be members of the Mycoplasma lipophilum cluster of the hominis group. Furthermore, the 16s rRNA comparisons showed that Mycoplasma alkalescens and Mycoplasma canadense are closely related (>98.5%), and these species were found to cluster in the Mycoplasma hominis cluster of the hominis group. Interestingly, M. bovirhinis grouped in a new phylogenetic cluster of the hominis group. The new cluster, which was supported by bootstrap percentage values, signature nucleotide analysis, and higher-order structural elements, was named the Mycoplasma synoviae cluster. Mycoplasma bovoculi, Mycoplasma conjunctivae, and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae clustered in the Mycoplasma neurolyticum cluster of the hominis group. Mycoplasma alvi clustered with Mycoplasma pirum in the M. pneumoniae cluster of the pneumoniae group.Mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes) are among the smallest microorganisms capable of self-replication and autonomous life. About 150 species are known today, and they are closely related to gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content in the genome (17). Many mycoplasmas are pathogenic for animals, and they are therefore of great concern in veterinary medicine (18,20). Most mycoplasmas are host specific, and ruminants harbor a number of interesting species. Two very important and closely related species are Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae. The former causes calf pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle (3,21), and the latter species is the causal agent of contagious agalactia in goats and sheep (10). The other species used for 16s rRNA sequencing in this study are also of clinical significance, except Mycoplasma alvi. Mycoplasma alkalescens causes arthritis in cattle. M. alvi has no known disease-causing potential, but has been isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle. Mycoplasma bovirhinis is often isolated from cattle with respiratory disease, but is probably not a primary pathogen. Mycoplasma bovoculi is associated with conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and is often found in the eyes of calves. Mycoplasma canadense is believed to cause mastitis in cattle. Mycoplasma conjunctivae is the causal agent of keratoconjunctivitis in goats and sheep, but it is not clear whether it is a primary or a secondary pathogen. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is by far the mos...

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Mycoplasma — Animal Pathogens

Cited by 30 publications

References 115 publications

Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and phylogeny of the goat mycoplasmas Mycoplasma adleri, Mycoplasma auris, Mycoplasma cottewii and Mycoplasma yeatsii

Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and phylogeny of the goat mycoplasmas Mycoplasma adleri, Mycoplasma auris, Mycoplasma cottewii and Mycoplasma yeatsii

The Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain 232, the Agent of Swine Mycoplasmosis

Phylogeny of Some Mycoplasmas from Ruminants Based on 16S rRNA Sequences and Definition of a New Cluster within the Hominis Group

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