Mycoparasitic Scytalidium parasiticum as a potential biocontrol agent against Ganoderma boninense basal stem rot in oil palm

Abstract

DisclosureThe authors declare no conflicts of interest. All the experiments undertaken in this study comply with the current laws of the country where they were performed.The objective of this study was to assess the interactions between Scytalidium parasiticum and Ganoderma boninense, the causal agent of basal stem rot in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis).When compared with S. ganodermophthorum and S. sphaerosporum, S. parasiticum (Sp) showed greater inhibition toward all Ganoderma isolates during in vitro co-culturing. At the Downloaded by [University of Sussex Library] at 05:14 28 June 2016 2 interaction zone, coiling of host hyphae, formation of short lateral enlarged contact structures, and production of potential appressorium-like organs were observed in Sp on G. boninense.These were followed by the degradation, shrinkage, and deformation of G. boninense mycelia.Sp also reduced mycelial survival and fruiting body regeneration of G. boninense. Nonvolatile metabolites from Sp suppressed the growth of G. boninense. Our results show that Sp could be a necrotrophic mycoparasite of G. boninense. Nursery experiments revealed that Sp was non-pathogenic to oil palm seedlings, and it could suppress Ganoderma infection and reduce disease severity. Sp also increased the height of palms in the positive control with non-Ganoderma-inoculated rubber wood block and Sp inoculum compared to similar control without Sp. Leaf area was significantly greater in the G. boninense G8 inoculated palms when Sp was present compared to without Sp. These results show that Sp might be a potential biocontrol candidate against BSR of oil palm.

Plant performance of enhancing licorice with dual inoculating dark septate endophytes and Trichoderma viride mediated via effects on root development

“…There is no published information on the positive influences of P. putaminum and S. lignicola on plant growth. However, Goh et al [39] reported that Scytalidium parasiticum increased plant height and leaf area in Elaeis guineensis. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the pathogenic or mutualistic effects of DSE in plants may vary with DSE species and growth conditions [40,41].…”

Diverse subterranean fungi of an underground iron ore mine

“…suggested for potential use in biocontrol of wood decay and other fungi [48]. Other species such as S. circinatum and S. lignicola have been associated with the colonization and decay of utility poles, indicating a tolerance to the harsh preservatives creosote and pentachlorophenol used in the poles [49,50].…”

Optimization of Metabolite Extraction Protocols for Untargeted Metabolite Profiling of Mycoparasitic Scytalidium parasiticum using LC-TOF-MS

“…Liquidstate cultivation: Maize was blended into powder using a Waring ® laboratory blender and approximately 75 g of maize powder was added into 500 mL of double distilled water (ddH 2 O) to produce maize extract broth (MaEB). Maize sterilization was carried out according to Goh et al (2016) prior to inoculating with S. parasiticum.…”

“…Kang et al (2014) attempted to extract the antifungal metabolites from S. ganodermophthorum with methanol and ethyl acetate; both methanol and ethyl acetate extracts illustrated growth inhibition in Phytophothora capsici Leonian and other fungal pathogens at the concentration of 100 ppm or higher. In vitro Ganoderma pathogenicity tests showed the capability of S. ganodermophthorum in reducing the survival of G. lingzhi only, whereas, the newly described potential necrotrophic mycoparasitic S. parasiticum was able to reduce the survival of G. boninense and other tested Ganoderma species (Goh et al 2016). Necrotrophic mycoparasites normally kill the host cells prior to occupying them and followed by extracting nutrients from the dead cells (Boosalis 1964).…”