Mycological and histological associations of Candida in oral mucosal lesions

Hebbar, Pragati B; Pai, Anuradha; Sujatha, D

doi:10.2334/josnusd.55.157

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Three decades ago, Krogh's group assessed the nitrosation potential of Candida strains isolated from oral leukoplakia lesions, and found strains with high potential for nitrosation to be associated with greater levels of dysplasia [88]. A series of studies published between 1994 and 2013 used periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and cultivation techniques to detect/isolate yeasts in mucosal swabs or biopsies of oral dysplasia or OSCC [89][90][91][92][93]. Two studies also performed culturing and counting of colony-forming unit (CFU) in oral rinse samples [91,93].…”

Section: The Mycobiome Associated With Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: a Functional Perspective

Al-Hebshi

Borgnakke

Johnson

2019

Curr Oral Health Rep

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Purpose of Review This decade has witnessed increasing interest in the potential role of the oral microbiome in head and neck cancers, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Most studies have focused on the bacterial component of the microbiome (bacteriome), but the fungal component (mycobiome) is also receiving attention. In this review, we provide an overview of mechanisms by which the microbiome can contribute to oral carcinogenesis, and summarize results from clinical studies, especially focusing on those reporting functional microbiome analysis. Synthesizing and illustrating the evidence, we also suggest a new "passenger-turning-driver" functional model for the role of the microbiome in oral cancer. Recent Findings In vitro studies provide convincing evidence for the carcinogenicity of the periodontal bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, results from clinical studies are inconsistent, with significant variations in composition of the microbiome associated with oral cancer. Methodological differences may partially explain the differing conclusion. However, variations observed may also reflect functional redundancy: the phenomenon that different species may be enriched in different samples, but still serve the same functions. Indeed, functional analyses of the bacteriome associated with oral cancer have revealed more consistent results, namely enrichment of a virulent, inflammatory bacteriome in the tumors. Summary Apart from oncoviruses associated with a special entity of oral cancer, no consistent evidence implicates specific microbial species in OSCC etiology. Instead, the disturbed function of an initially "passenger" microbiome within the tumor microenvironment likely contributes to tumor progression by sustaining chronic inflammation.

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Section: The Mycobiome Associated With Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: a Functional Perspective

Al-Hebshi

Borgnakke

Johnson

2019

Curr Oral Health Rep

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“…There are conflicting results regarding the association of leukoplakia and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection [6,8]. The role of torque teno virus (TTV) [9,10], Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [11] and Candida albicans [8,[12][13][14][15][16] in leukoplakia development and carcinogenesis remains to be clarified, too. Additionally, it has been also demonstrated that specific bacterial infections like Helicobacter pylori [17] or the intracellular Mycoplasma salivarium [18] could also be involved in this process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicken or the Egg: Microbial Alterations in Biopsy Samples of Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Decsi

Sóki

Pap

et al. 2018

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Oral carcinogenesis often leads to the alteration of the microbiota at the site of the tumor, but data are scarce regarding the microbial communities of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Punch biopsies were taken from healthy and non-healthy mucosa of OPMD patients to analyze the microbiome using metagenome sequencing. In healthy oral mucosa biopsies the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were detected by Ion Torrent sequencing. The same phyla as well as the phyla Fibrobacteres and Spirochaetes were present in the OPMD biopsies. On the species level, there were 10 bacterial species unique to the healthy tissue and 35 species unique to the OPMD lesions whereas eight species were detected in both samples. We observed that the relative abundance of Streptococcus mitis decreased in the OPMD lesions compared to the uninvolved tissue. In contrast, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, implicated in carcinogenesis, was elevated in OPMD. We detected markedly increased bacterial diversity in the OPMD lesions compared to the healthy oral mucosa. The ratio of S. mitis and F. nucleatum are characteristically altered in the OPMD lesions compared to the healthy mucosa.

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“…It has been reported that epithelial dysplasia is one of the most important indicators of potential malignancy (6). Generally, nonhomogeneous lesions or pure erythroplakia have a higher risk than lesions with a homogenous appearance (8). Lesions on the tongue or floor of the mouth also have a higher potential for malignancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral leukoplakia associated with amalgam restorations

Gönen

Asan

Etöz

et al. 2016

Journal of Oral Science

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IntroductionOral leukoplakia (OL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "a white patch or plaque of the oral mucosa that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease" (1). The prevalence of OL ranges from 0.5 to 3.4% with a peak incidence rate in individuals older than 50 years. According to the literature, most oral carcinoma cases are associated with, or preceded by, clinically detectable premalignant lesions such as OL. The malignant transformation rate of OL is reported to be in the range of 0.1 to 17% (2).The etiological factors most commonly associated with OL have been smoking, alcohol abuse, candidiasis, HPV infection, iron deficiency, and low serum levels of vitamin A and beta-carotene (3). Zinsser-Cole Engman syndrome, a genodermatosis commonly known as dyskeratosis congenita, includes oral manifestations such as OL. Many different non-surgical and surgical modalities such as conventional surgery, electrocauterization, laser ablation, cryosurgery, and medications such as vitamin A, vitamin B, and bleomycin, have been reported for treatment of OL (4).Dental amalgams remain the most commonly used posterior restorative material in dental practice. A relationship has been established between contact allergy to mercury and oral lichen planus (5). Although amalgamrelated conditions such as burning mouth, xerostomia, and musculoskeletal and neuropsychological symptoms have been reported, the relationship between amalgam and OL has not yet been examined.This report documents a patient with OL lesions who showed a positive skin patch test reaction to amalgam and who subsequently recovered after his amalgam restorations had been removed and replaced with a different material. Case ReportA 21-year-old male was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, with suspected OL. His major complaint was a bilateral burning sensation in the buccal mucosa. The patient had previously received cryotherapy and laser treatment at a dermatology clinic, but the OL lesions had not healed. Intraoral examination revealed white lesions bilaterally affecting the buccal mucosa and tongue (Figs. 1-3). The patient had no systemic disease and no history of tobacco or alcohol consumption. In order to confirm the histological nature of the lesion, an incisional biopsy

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Mycological and histological associations of Candida in oral mucosal lesions

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

The Microbiome of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: a Functional Perspective

The Microbiome of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: a Functional Perspective

Chicken or the Egg: Microbial Alterations in Biopsy Samples of Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Oral leukoplakia associated with amalgam restorations

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