Mycobiota in gastrointestinal diseases

Mukherjee, Pranab K.; Sendid, Boualem; Hoarau, Gautier; Colombel, Jean Fréd́eric; Poulain, Daniel; Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.

doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.188

Cited by 154 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Our understanding of the contribution of the mycobiota (fungal community) to health and disease remains in its infancy [65]. Our laboratory recently provided the first evidence supporting the hypothesis that fungi can influence host metabolism.…”

Section: Dysbiosis Related To Type 2 Diabetes and Hyperglycaemiamentioning

confidence: 84%

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2015

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Each human intestine harbours not only hundreds of trillions of bacteria but also bacteriophage particles, viruses, fungi and archaea, which constitute a complex and dynamic ecosystem referred to as the gut microbiota. An increasing number of data obtained during the last 10 years have indicated changes in gut bacterial composition or function in type 2 diabetic patients. Analysis of this 'dysbiosis' enables the detection of alterations in specific bacteria, clusters of bacteria or bacterial functions associated with the occurrence or evolution of type 2 diabetes; these bacteria are predominantly involved in the control of inflammation and energy homeostasis. Our review focuses on two key questions: does gut dysbiosis truly play a role in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, and will recent discoveries linking the gut microbiota to host health be helpful for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes? Here we review how pharmacological, surgical and nutritional interventions for type 2 diabetic patients may impact the gut microbiota. Experimental studies in animals are identifying which bacterial metabolites and components act on host immune homeostasis and glucose metabolism, primarily by targeting intestinal cells involved in endocrine and gut barrier functions. We discuss novel approaches (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics and faecal transfer) and the need for research and adequate intervention studies to evaluate the feasibility and relevance of these new therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Dysbiosis Related To Type 2 Diabetes and Hyperglycaemiamentioning

confidence: 84%

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2015

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“…Although an increase in C. albicans and a decrease in S. cerevisiae were observed in IBD patients, associated with a bacterial dysbiosis [7, 15, 30, 31], data regarding functional inter-kingdom interactions in inflammatory settings are scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterobacteriaceae are essential for the modulation of colitis severity by fungi

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHost-microbe balance maintains intestinal homeostasis and strongly influences inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Here we focused on bacteria-fungi interactions and their implications on intestinal inflammation, a poorly understood area.MethodsDextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was assessed in mice treated with vancomycin (targeting gram-positive bacteria) or colistin (targeting Enterobacteriaceae) and supplemented with either Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 or Candida albicans. Inflammation severity as well as bacterial and fungal microbiota compositions was monitored.ResultsWhile S. boulardii improved DSS-induced colitis and C. albicans worsened it in untreated settings, antibiotic treatment strongly modified DSS susceptibility and effects of fungi on colitis. Vancomycin-treated mice were fully protected from colitis, while colistin-treated mice retained colitis phenotype but were not affected anymore by administration of fungi. Antibacterial treatments not only influenced bacterial populations but also had indirect effects on fungal microbiota. Correlations between bacterial and fungal relative abundance were dramatically decreased in colistin-treated mice compared to vancomycin-treated and control mice, suggesting that colistin-sensitive bacteria are involved in interactions with fungi. Restoration of the Enterobacteriaceae population by administrating colistin-resistant Escherichia coli reestablished both beneficial effects of S. boulardii and pathogenic effects of C. albicans on colitis severity. This effect was at least partly mediated by an improved gut colonization by fungi.ConclusionsFungal colonization of the gut is affected by the Enterobacteriaceae population, indirectly modifying effects of mycobiome on the host. This finding provides new insights into the role of inter-kingdom functional interactions in intestinal physiopathology and potentially in IBD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-018-0538-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The mycobiome is another relatively unexplored area of research [119]. The fungal components of the gastrointestinal tract have been characterized in healthy individuals [120].…”

Section: The Mycobiome and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease

2015

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This review explores our current understanding of the complex interaction between environmental risk factors, genetic traits and the development of inflammatory bowel disease. The primacy of environmental risk factors is illustrated by the rapid increase in the incidence of the disease worldwide. We discuss how the gut microbiota is the proximate environmental risk factor for subsequent development of inflammatory bowel disease. The evolving fields of virome and mycobiome studies will further our understanding of the full potential of the gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis. Manipulating the gut microbiota is a promising therapeutic avenue.

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Mycobiota in gastrointestinal diseases

Cited by 154 publications

References 93 publications

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

Enterobacteriaceae are essential for the modulation of colitis severity by fungi

The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease

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