Mycobacterium Ulcerans

Ziefer, Annlmarie; Connor, Daniel H.; Gybson, Dean W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1981.tb00822.x

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Cases described in Nigeria were associated with the Benue River Valley in 1967 or a small artificial lake (338,346). Similarly, in Liberia, cases were reported after dam construction following the introduction of swamp rice to replace upland rice (rice grown on dry soil) (341,388). In Ghana, cases have clustered along the Densu River (385).…”

Section: Farming Activities In Swampy Areas As a Risk Factor For Burumentioning

confidence: 99%

Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

et al. 2018

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Buruli ulcer is a noncontagious disabling cutaneous and subcutaneous mycobacteriosis reported by 33 countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The causative agent, , derives from by genomic reduction and acquisition of a plasmid-borne, nonribosomal cytotoxin mycolactone, the major virulence factor. -specific sequences have been readily detected in aquatic environments in food chains involving small mammals. Skin contamination combined with any type of puncture, including insect bites, is the most plausible route of transmission, and skin temperature of<30°C significantly correlates with the topography of lesions. After 30 years of emergence and increasing prevalence between 1970 and 2010, mainly in Africa, factors related to ongoing decreasing prevalence in the same countries remain unexplained. Rapid diagnosis, including laboratory confirmation at the point of care, is mandatory in order to reduce delays in effective treatment. Parenteral and potentially toxic streptomycin-rifampin is to be replaced by oral clarithromycin or fluoroquinolone combined with rifampin. In the absence of proven effective primary prevention, avoiding skin contamination by means of clothing can be implemented in areas of endemicity. Buruli ulcer is a prototype of ecosystem pathology, illustrating the impact of human activities on the environment as a source for emerging tropical infectious diseases.

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Section: Farming Activities In Swampy Areas As a Risk Factor For Burumentioning

confidence: 99%

Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

et al. 2018

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“…During the 1970s, cases were reported from West Africa for the first time (Benin [ 20 ], Ghana [ 26 ], Sierra Leone [ 20 ] and Cameroon [ 27 ]). In the 1980s, Ivory Coast [ 28 ] and Liberia [ 29 ] were added to the list of West African countries recording their first cases, along with Japan [ 30 ], Kiribati [ 31 ] and Suriname [ 32 ]. In the 1990s, four countries were added from West Africa (Burkina Faso [ 33 ], Equatorial Guinea [ 20 ], Togo [ 34 ] and Guinea [ 20 ]) as well as Sri Lanka [ 20 ] and China [ 35 ] from Asia.…”

Section: Emergence Of Bu Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

The changing epidemiology worldwide ofMycobacterium ulcerans

et al. 2018

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Mycobacterium ulceransis recognised as the third most common mycobacterial infection worldwide. It causes necrotising infections of skin and soft tissue and is classified as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, despite extensive research, the environmental reservoir of the organism and mode of transmission of the infection to humans remain unknown. This limits the ability to design and implement public health interventions to effectively and consistently prevent the spread and reduce the incidence of this disease. In recent years, the epidemiology of the disease has changed. In most endemic regions of the world, the number of cases reported to the WHO are reducing, with a 64% reduction in cases reported worldwide in the last 9 years. Conversely, in a smaller number of countries including Australia and Nigeria, reported cases are increasing at a rapid rate, new endemic areas continue to appear, and in Australia cases are becoming more severe. The reasons for this changing epidemiology are unknown. We review the epidemiology ofM. ulceransdisease worldwide, and document recent changes. We also outline and discuss the current state of knowledge on the ecology ofM. ulcerans, possible transmission mechanisms to humans and what may be enabling the spread ofM. ulceransinto new endemic areas.

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Buruli Ulcer (Mycobacterium Ulcerans)

Pettit

Parish

1984

Manual of Tropical Dermatology

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Mycobacterium Ulcerans

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

The changing epidemiology worldwide ofMycobacterium ulcerans

Buruli Ulcer (Mycobacterium Ulcerans)

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