Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex DNA in Ancient Human Bones

Baron, Heike; Hummel, Susanne; Herrmann, Bernd

doi:10.1006/jasc.1996.0063

Cited by 85 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the ampli®ca-tion of the complete insertion sequence IS6110 may result in a false-positive result, several contemporary studies have shown that, in particular, the ampli®ca-tion of the 123-bp fragment used in the present study provided results speci®c for the M. tuberculosis complex [31,32]. A further study on archival bone specimens of c. 100 years of age also provided a speci®c positive ampli®cation product with this sequence only for the M. tuberculosis complex, but not for other mycobacteria (particularly ubiquitous soil mycobacteria), such as M. gordonae or M. aurum [4]. In the three cases with typical morphological features of tuberculosis in the study series, only two cases with molecularly con®rmed tuberculosis were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Molecular analysis of skeletal tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian population

Zink

Haas

Reischl

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Microbiology

137

104

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Molecular analysis of skeletal tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian population

Zink

Haas

Reischl

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Microbiology

137

104

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“…The exception to this was IS6110, with a first-round amplicon size of 123 bp and a size of 92 bp after nesting. This method is exquisitely sensitive for detecting tuberculosis DNA and is usually the first to be applied for identifying cases in archaeological studies (1,12,27). However, given the difference in sensitivities between IS6110 and other methods, there is clearly still a need for confirmatory tests for this pathogen in archaeological material and also for those which will provide useful genotyping data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Analysis of the Earliest Known Prehistoric Case of Tuberculosis in Britain

2005

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The earliest known case of human tuberculosis in Britain dates to the middle period of the Iron Age, approximately 2,200 years before present. Bone lesions on the spine of a male skeleton excavated at Tarrant Hinton in Dorset, United Kingdom, show evidence of Pott's disease and are supported by molecular evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA amplified by IS6110 PCR (19). In the present study, we used a further series of sensitive PCR methods to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis and to determine the genotype of the infecting strain. These tests demonstrated that this individual was infected with a strain of M. tuberculosis rather than Mycobacterium bovis. The strain had undergone the tuberculosis D1 deletion affecting the mmpS6 and mmpL6 genes and can therefore be identified as a member of the family of "modern" M. tuberculosis isolates. All evidence obtained was consistent with surviving mycobacterial DNA being highly fragmented in this case.

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“…22 In all cases, the DNA was preserved in excellent condition. The DNA was extracted from aliquots of 0.3 g of pulverized bone material through a phenol-chloroform-based method, 23 which was previously found to be particularly suitable for DNA extraction from long-term buried skeletal material containing humic acids. 13 The sequence in question on chromosome 3 at p21.3 was amplified by PCR using primers that were designed to yield a 130 bp product for CCR5 wild type and a 98 bp fragment for the CCR5-D32 mutation.…”

Section: Ccr5-d32mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the CCR5-Δ32 HIV resistance gene in Bronze Age skeletons

et al. 2005

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A mutant allele of the chemokine receptor CCR5 gene (CCR5-D32), which confers resistance to HIV-1 infection, is believed to have originated from a single mutation event in historic times, and rapidly expanded in Caucasian populations, owing to an unknown selective advantage. Among other candidates, the plague bacillus Yersinia pestis was implicated as a potential source of strong selective pressure on European populations during medieval times. Here, we report amplifications of the CCR5-D32 DNA sequence from up to 2900-year-old skeletal remains from different burial sites in central Germany and southern Italy. Furthermore, the allele frequency of CCR5-D32 in victims of the 14th century plague pandemic in Lü beck/ northern Germany was not different from a historic control group. Our findings indicate that this mutation was prevalent already among prehistoric Europeans. The results also argue against the possibility of plague representing a major selective force that caused rapid increase in CCR5-D32 gene frequencies within these populations. Genes and Immunity (2005) The human chemokine receptor CCR5 serves, together with CD4, as the principal coreceptor for macrophagetropic (R5) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains. 1 A large number of genetic variants in the coding or the promotor region of the CCR5 gene have been identified in different ethnic groups. 2,3 Several of these naturally occurring mutations result in alterations of the receptor's amino-acid sequence and affect the ability of CCR5 to act as a chemokine receptor or HIV coreceptor. 4,5 The finding that nonfunctional receptor alleles are relatively frequent among different human populations has led to the hypothesis that a selective advantage might be associated with the loss of CCR5 function.The CCR5-D32 mutant, which is characterized by a 32-bp deletion in the gene segment encoding the second extracellular loop of the receptor, provides an instructive example of how host genetic variation may contribute to HIV-related pathology. Individuals homozygous for CCR5-D32 are almost completely protected against HIV-1 infection due to the absence of functional receptors from the cell surface. 6-8 Population surveys revealed a north to south gradient of CCR5-D32 allele frequencies of 16 to 3% across Europe and its absence in individuals of nonCaucasian descent. 9-11 Determination of the intrahaplotypic variation of flanking microsatellite loci in strong linkage disequilibrium with CCR5-D32 allowed calculation of the approximate age of the CCR5-D32 containing ancestral haplotype. Two different studies that analyzed separate microsatellite markers concluded that the CCR5-D32 allele originated from a single mutation event that took place in historic times approximately 700 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 275-1800) 11 to 3500 years (CI 400-13 000) 10 ago in northeastern Europe. Both studies assumed a heterozygote advantage of the CCR5-D32 mutant. The European locale and timing of the bubonic plague of the 14th century coincide with the calculat...

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Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex DNA in Ancient Human Bones

Cited by 85 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular analysis of skeletal tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian population

Molecular analysis of skeletal tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian population

Genotypic Analysis of the Earliest Known Prehistoric Case of Tuberculosis in Britain

Detection of the CCR5-Δ32 HIV resistance gene in Bronze Age skeletons

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