Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Espoligotipos en el Estado Carabobo, Venezuela

C, Mónica Sequera; S, Víctor Delgado; M, Wolfan Araque; O, Mariela Torrealba; M, Raimunda Núñez; J, Omaira Da Mata; P, Edgar Abadía; Takiff, Howard; Waard, Jacobus De

doi:10.4067/s0716-10182008000500009

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However it was much younger, 32.6 years, for patients from the indigenous Delta Amacuro region. Also, while males made up about 71% of patients from Caracas, 70% from Carabobo (69%) [ 20 ], and 64% from Amazonas [ 19 ], males comprised only 54% of the patients from Delta Amacuro [ 21 ]. Surprisingly, female patients had significantly lower mean ages overall, and also in Caracas and in Delta Amacuro (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes large numbers of isolates from the two biggest cities in the center of the country – Caracas and Valencia, as well as from two rural, largely Amerindian populations – Delta Amacuro and Amazonas, located at widely separated geographical poles, and also a smaller number of isolates from other regions (Figure 1 and Additional file 1 ). Data on strains from the Amazonas [ 19 ], Carabobo [ 20 ], and Delta Amacuro [ 21 ] states that have been described separately but are included here in a broader, national analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ecology in Venezuela: epidemiologic correlates of common spoligotypes and a large clonal cluster defined by MIRU-VNTR-24

Abadia

Sequera

Ortega³

et al. 2009

BMC Infect Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTuberculosis remains an endemic public health problem, but the ecology of the TB strains prevalent, and their transmission, can vary by country and by region. We sought to investigate the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in different regions of Venezuela. A previous study identified the most prevalent strains in Venezuela but did not show geographical distribution nor identify clonal genotypes. To better understand local strain ecology, we used spoligotyping to analyze 1298 M. tuberculosis strains isolated in Venezuela from 1997 to 2006, predominantly from two large urban centers and two geographically distinct indigenous areas, and then studied a subgroup with MIRU-VNTR 24 loci.ResultsThe distribution of spoligotype families is similar to that previously reported for Venezuela and other South American countries: LAM 53%, T 10%, Haarlem 5%, S 1.9%, X 1.2%, Beijing 0.4%, and EAI 0.2%. The six most common shared types (SIT's 17, 93, 605, 42, 53, 20) accounted for 49% of the isolates and were the most common in almost all regions, but only a minority were clustered by MIRU-VNTR 24. One exception was the third most frequent overall, SIT 605, which is the most common spoligotype in the state of Carabobo but infrequent in other regions. MIRU-VNTR homogeneity suggests it is a clonal group of strains and was named the "Carabobo" genotype. Epidemiologic comparisons showed that patients with SIT 17 were younger and more likely to have had specimens positive for Acid Fast Bacilli on microscopy, and patients with SIT 53 were older and more commonly smear negative. Female TB patients tended to be younger than male patients. Patients from the high incidence, indigenous population in Delta Amacuro state were younger and had a nearly equal male:female distribution.ConclusionSix SIT's cause nearly half of the cases of tuberculosis in Venezuela and dominate in nearly all regions. Strains with SIT 17, the most common pattern overall may be more actively transmitted and SIT 53 strains may be less virulent and associated with reactivation of past infections in older patients. In contrast to other common spoligotypes, strains with SIT 605 form a clonal group centered in the state of Carabobo.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ecology in Venezuela: epidemiologic correlates of common spoligotypes and a large clonal cluster defined by MIRU-VNTR-24

Abadia

Sequera

Ortega³

et al. 2009

BMC Infect Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Isolates with the genotype SIT863 were reported in three earlier studies carried out in Porto Alegre, the first reported by Cafrune et al (41) (43,44). At SITVITWEB, four cases were reported, and three of these were isolated in Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) but without information about the isolation data; the other case was isolated in the United States in 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the Latin American Mediterranean Lineage, Wrongly Identified as Mycobacterium pinnipedii (Spoligotype International Type 863 [SIT863]), Causing Active Tuberculosis in South Brazil

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We recently detected the spoligotype patterns of strains of Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, in sputum samples from nine cases with pulmonary tuberculosis residing in Porto Alegre, South Brazil. Because this species is rarely encountered in humans, we further characterized these nine isolates by additional genotyping techniques, including 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing, verification of the loci TbD1, RD9, pks15/1, RD Rio , and fbpC, the insertion of IS6110 at a site specific to the M. tuberculosis Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) lineage, and whole-genome sequencing. The combined analysis of these markers revealed that the isolates are in fact M. tuberculosis and more specifically belong to the LAM genotype. Most of these isolates (n ‫؍‬ 8) were shown to be multidrug resistant (MDR), which prompted us to perform partial sequencing of the rpoA, rpoB, rpoC, katG, and inhA genes. Seven isolates (77.8%) carried the S315T mutation in katG, and one of these (11%) also presented the C(؊17)T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in inhA. Interestingly, six of the MDR isolates also presented an undescribed insertion of 12 nucleotides (CCA GAA CAA CCC) in codon 516 of rpoB. No putative compensatory mutation was found in either rpoA or rpoC. This is the first report of an M. tuberculosis LAM family strain with a convergent M. pinnipedii spoligotype. These spoligotypes are observed in genotype databases at a modest frequency, highlighting that care must be taken when identifying isolates in the M. tuberculosis complex on the basis of single genetic markers. M. tuberculosis is the predominant cause of human TB worldwide, but M. africanum and M. bovis remain important agents of human disease in certain geographical regions (9). The MTBC species share identical 16S rRNA sequences, and recent studies have improved our knowledge on the genetic diversity, host range, epidemiological aspects, and differences in pathogenicity and virulence among the species of the complex (10, 11). Based on the various genotyping techniques, like spoligotyping (12), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (13), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing (14), and whole-genome sequencing (15), M. tuberculosis strains have been subdivided into lineages and families. The most geographically widespread family worldwide (spoligotyping) is the Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) lineage, which is part of the heterogeneous Euro-American lineage, one of seven M. tuberculosis lineages (16). The LAM family strains are widespread across all five continents, with a marked incidence in

show abstract

“…This spoligopattern is not often reported. One isolate was found in the United States of America, two were found in the city of Pelotas, RS and, more recently, two were found in Venezuela (Borsuk et al 2005, Sequera et al 2008). However, SIT729 was reported to be associated with incarceration by Cafrune (2009); 72% of the patients with this SIT were inmates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%