Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in rural goat herds in South Africa using Bayesian latent class analysis

Cooke, Deborah M.; Goosen, Wynand J.; Burgess, Tristan L.; Witte, Carmel; Miller, Michele A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110559

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In 2019, nasal swabs were collected from 157 goats ( Capra hircus ) from the KwaZulu-Natal midlands, SA. This included opportunistic sampling from 137 communal domestic goats in an area with confirmed M. bovis infected cattle (Umkhanyakude district of Northern Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal) and sampling from 20 goats in a closed commercial dairy herd consisting of stud Saanen goats with no known exposure to M. bovis , a 20-year long history of negative annual SICCT tests, and a high level of management and biosecurity practices, as previously described ( Cooke et al, 2023 ; Figure 1 ). Nasal swabs were taken using sterile OmniSwabs (Whatman®, Qiagen, Germantown, MD, United States).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in nasal swabs from communal goats (Capra hircus) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Cooke,

Clarke,

Kerr

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Animal tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, presents a significant threat to both livestock industries and public health. Mycobacterium bovis tests rely on detecting antigen specific immune responses, which can be influenced by exposure to non-tuberculous mycobacteria, test technique, and duration and severity of infection. Despite advancements in direct M. bovis detection, mycobacterial culture remains the primary diagnostic standard. Recent efforts have explored culture-independent PCR-based methods for identifying mycobacterial DNA in respiratory samples. This study aimed to detect M. bovis in nasal swabs from goats (Capra hircus) cohabiting with M. bovis-infected cattle in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Nasal swabs were collected from 137 communal goats exposed to M. bovis-positive cattle and 20 goats from a commercial dairy herd without M. bovis history. Swabs were divided into three aliquots for analysis. The first underwent GeneXpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Ultra) screening. DNA from the second underwent mycobacterial genus-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing, while the third underwent mycobacterial culture followed by PCR and sequencing. Deep sequencing identified M. bovis DNA in selected Ultra-positive swabs, confirmed by region-of-difference (RD) PCR. Despite no other evidence of M. bovis infection, viable M. bovis was cultured from three communal goat swabs, confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Deep sequencing of DNA directly from swabs identified M. bovis in the same culture-positive swabs and eight additional communal goats. No M. bovis was found in commercial dairy goats, but various NTM species were detected. This highlights the risk of M. bovis exposure or infection in goats sharing pastures with infected cattle. Rapid Ultra screening shows promise for selecting goats for further M. bovis testing. These techniques may enhance M. bovis detection in paucibacillary samples and serve as valuable research tools.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in nasal swabs from communal goats (Capra hircus) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Cooke,

Clarke,

Kerr

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

Self Cite

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“… 123 In South Africa, goats are considered as a potential source of M. bovis for humans, cattle, and wildlife. 124 Another novel record of bTB transmission is between cattle populations and badgers in Great Britain. 125 Lombard et al proved that MTBC could be transmitted from humans to cattle in three cases in the USA.…”

Section: Wgs Insights Into the Dynamic Transmission Of M Bovismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the genotyping of bovine tuberculosis and its rapid diagnosis via nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors

Zahran,

El-Shabasy,

Elrashedy

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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Collaborative learning in the digital age: empowering tuberculosis researchers through virtual training

Dippenaar,

Sylvester,

Ealand

et al. 2024

J Microbiol Biol Educ.

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Integrating whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex into routine care, surveillance, and research in high tuberculosis burden settings remains challenging due to limited resources and skills. While technological platforms for scaling WGS are emerging, scaling wet lab and analytic components often depends on partnerships where such skills have been established. To address this, a virtual training program was developed. Over 12 weeks, 21 trainees from five Southern African institutes engaged in learning from curated theoretical content and interactive virtual meetings with experienced instructors. The training program, developed by a diverse team of experts in molecular biology, biomedical research, microbiology, and tuberculosis research, provided comprehensive coverage aligned with the latest advancements. Teaching strategies included interactive mentor-led sessions and real-time feedback, together with facilitated knowledge exchange and understanding. The virtual training program yielded several successes. Of note, trainees submitted three scientific articles for peer review, based on their acquired knowledge and its application in research. The program also fostered collaborations on Mycobacterium tuberculosis WGS among participants, showcasing the potential for networking and future joint projects. While the virtual training program encountered challenges related to the pandemic, limited resources, trainee engagement, and language barriers, these were creatively mitigated. To improve future training sessions, a platform assessing participant engagement and information retention is recommended. Wider collaborative efforts among experts and institutions in collating resources will lead to more comprehensive training programs. Addressing challenges such as internet connectivity issues and language barriers is crucial for ensuring inclusivity and enhancing the overall learning experience. In conclusion, the virtual training program successfully provided knowledge and skill training in WGS to trainees, leading to scientific article submissions and collaborations. Furthermore, content creators benefited from improved science communication and training opportunities.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in rural goat herds in South Africa using Bayesian latent class analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in nasal swabs from communal goats (Capra hircus) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in nasal swabs from communal goats (Capra hircus) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Recent progress in the genotyping of bovine tuberculosis and its rapid diagnosis via nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors

Collaborative learning in the digital age: empowering tuberculosis researchers through virtual training

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