Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia Among Acutely Febrile Children in Western Kenya

Pavlinac, Patricia B; Naulikha, Jaqueline M.; John‐Stewart, Grace; Onchiri, Frankline; Okumu, Albert; Sitati, Ruth; Cranmer, Lisa M; Lokken, Erica; Singa, Benson; Walson, Judd L.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0365

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…7 Paediatric inpatient programmes were the most common context (17), 6,7,10,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25]29,30 followed by nutrition centres (four), 9,11,12,27 EPI centres (three), 20 programmes (three). 8,20,31 The assessment for quality showed that most of the included studies (20) [9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] were of fair or good quality and the remainder (six) [6][7][8]13,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did a stratifi ed analysis of paediatric HIV prevalence in southern and eastern Africa (20 studies) 8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][24][25][26][27]28,29 versus that in west and central Africa (four). 9,23,28,31 Paediatric HIV prevalence across contexts in southern and eastern Africa was 17·8% (95% CI 12·8-22·7) and prevalence in west and central Africa was 9·8% (95% CI 4·2-15·3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the small numbers of studies from Asia and Oceania, these geographical settings were not included in stratifi ed analyses. We did stratifi ed analysis examining universal (eight studies) 7,16,18,19,22,23,25,29 versus triggered testing (nine) 6,10,[13][14][15][16]22,24,30 in inpatient settings. Paediatric HIV prevalence detected via triggered testing (21·3%, CI 11·6-31·0) was slightly, but not signifi cantly (p=0·95), higher than that detected with universal testing (21·2%, 13·8-28·7; appendix pp 10-11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paediatric HIV testing beyond the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paediatric HIV testing beyond the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…The full text of 81 potentially included studies were reviewed and 27 met inclusion criteria (Figure 1). 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 Full-text articles that were not primary studies (n=26), did not conduct mycobacterial blood culture testing (n=12), did not clearly define the population in whom mycobacterial blood culture was performed (n=9), contained data that was represented in a second, more recent citation (n=4), and that were not in English (n=3) were excluded. Of the 27 included studies, two included both adults and children and were counted as separate MTB bacteremia prevalence estimates and one study did not present MTB bacteremia prevalence separately by adults and children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> bacteremia in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pavlinac¹,

Lokken²,

Walson³

et al. 2016

int j tuberc lung dis

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SUMMARY Setting Among HIV-infected adults living in tuberculosis (TB) endemic settings, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a common cause of bloodstream infections. Although children experience an increased propensity for MTB dissemination, MTB bacteremia is infrequently described in children. Objective To determine the prevalence of MTB bacteremia in adult and pediatric patients and to examine sources of heterogeneity between estimates. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Results Of 1077 reviewed abstracts, 27 publications met inclusion criteria, yielding 29 independent MTB bacteremia prevalence estimates (22 in adults, 6 in children, and 1 not stratified by age group). The random effects pooled MTB bacteremia prevalence in adults was 13.5% (95% CI: 10.8–16.2%) and in children was 0.4% (95% CI: 0–0.9%) (p-value for difference = 0.004). Restricting analyses to HIV-infected participants, pooled MTB bacteremia prevalence from 21 adult studies was 15.5% (95% CI: 12.5–18.5%) and 0.8% (95% CI: 0–1.8%) in 3 pediatric studies (p-value=0.001). Inclusion of pre-determined study-level confounders did not account for observed differences in MTB bacteremia prevalence between age groups. Conclusion While MTB bacteremia appears relatively common in adults, particularly those with HIV infection, bloodstream MTB appears to be rare in children.

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“…Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy teria were isolated exclusively in adult studies, and no mycobacteria were isolated in the 2 pediatric studies that used mycobacterial blood culture (36,64). Mycobacteria and malaria.…”

Section: Community-onset Bloodstream Infections Antimicrobial Agents mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia

Marchello

Dale

Pisharody

et al. 2019

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI) are major causes of severe febrile illness and death worldwide. In light of new data and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogens causing BSI, we undertook a systematic review of hospital-based studies of CO-BSI among patients hospitalized with fever. Without restriction to language or country, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective hospital-based studies of culture-confirmed CO-BSI among febrile inpatients. We determined by study the prevalence of BSI among participants, the pathogens responsible for BSI, and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens causing BSI, according to place and time. Thirty-four (77.3%) of 44 eligible studies recruited 29,022 participants in Africa and Asia combined. Among participants in these two regions, the median prevalence of BSI was 12.5% (range, 2.0 to 48.4%); of 3,220 pathogens isolated, 1,119 (34.8%) were Salmonella enterica, 425 (13.2%) Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 282 (8.8%) Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was reported in 16 (36.4%) studies. When isolates collected prior to 2008 were compared to those collected in the period of 2008 through 2018, the proportions of typhoidal Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to several clinically relevant antimicrobials increased over time, while S. pneumoniae susceptibility was stable. CO-BSI remain a major cause of severe febrile illness among hospitalized patients in Africa and Asia, with S. enterica, S. pneumoniae, and E. coli predominating. There is a concerning increase in AMR among serious infections caused by community-onset pathogens. Ongoing surveillance is needed to inform empirical management and strategies to control AMR.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia Among Acutely Febrile Children in Western Kenya

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Paediatric HIV testing beyond the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Paediatric HIV testing beyond the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis

<I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> bacteremia in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia

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