Mycobacterium simiae: Harmless colonizer or deadly pathogen?

Jabbour, Jean-Francois; Hamieh, Amal; Sharara, Sima L.; Kanj, Souha S.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008418

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…M. simiae infections were most common in females and older patients than other NTM isolates in the current study. In general, men are more likely than Jabbour et al 2020). We found that the M. simiae positive cases in our study had obesity, HIV, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, and asthma as underlying diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Molecular epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from tuberculosis-suspected patients

et al. 2023

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It is a growing problem around the world to deal with nontuberculous mycobacteria infection (NTM), but its clinical significance is still largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of NTM infections from various clinical samples and determine their clinical significance. From December 2020 to December 2021, 6125 clinical samples were collected. In addition to phenotypic detection, genotypic detection through multilocus sequence typing (hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rDNA genes) and sequencing was also conducted. Records of patients were consulted for clinical information, such as symptoms and radiological findings. Of the 6,125 patients, 351 (5.7%) were positive for acid-fast bacteria (AFB). Out of 351 AFB, 289 (82.3%) and 62 (17.7%) subjects were identified as M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) and NTM strains, respectively. Isolates of Mycobacterium simiae and M. fortuitum were the most frequent, followed by isolates of M. kansasii and M. marinum. We also isolated M. chelonae, M. canariasense, and M. jacuzzii, which are rarely reported. Symptoms (P = 0.048), radiographic findings (P = 0.013), and gender (P = 0.039) were associated with NTM isolates. M. Fortuitum, M. simiae, and M. kansasii presented with bronchiectasis, infiltration, and cavitary lesions most frequently, while cough was the most common symptom. In conclusion, Mycobacterium simiae and M. fortuitum were presented in seventeen and twelve NTM isolates from the collected samples. There is evidence that NTM infections in endemic settings may contribute to the dissemination of various diseases and the control of tuberculosis. In spite of this, further research is needed to evaluate the clinical significance of NTM isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Molecular epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from tuberculosis-suspected patients

et al. 2023

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“…For M. simiae infections, a combination of three drugs including a macrolide seems to be favourable. 19 20 Based on the in vitro investigations of van Ingen et al , moxifloxacin, a macrolide and a third antibiotic class (eg, clofazimine and streptomycin, an aminoglycoside such as amikacin) should be included in treatment regimens for a M. simiae infection. 21 22 Azithromycin and clarithromycin are assumed to be equally effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DisseminatedMycobacterium simiaeandMycobacterium aviuminfection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a female patient with HIV infection

et al. 2021

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This case study discusses the management of a disseminated Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium avium infection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a 52-year-old woman with HIV infection. Disseminated M. avium infections have extensively been described in HIV patients; however, reports of infections with M. simiae are rare. Treatment of M. simiae infections is challenging due to its high rates of natural drug resistances, and thus far, no standard treatment regimen exists.

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“…M. simiae is a member of the Mycobacterium simiae complex, which compromises some 19 species. Infection with M. simiae was first reported in rhesus monkeys and has since been isolated in many countries, notably Cuba and the Middle East, with growing incidences in Europe and South East Asia [ 5 ]. It may be acquired from water [ 6 ] as well as nosocomial sources [ 7 ], and antibiotic resistance, as was present in this case, is common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium Simiae Infection in a Person With Cystic Fibrosis

FitzMaurice

Nazareth

McCann

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Although non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be found in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), their role as pathogens may be uncertain, and treatment is problematic. We report the first case of Mycobacterium simiae (M. simiae), often associated with asymptomatic disease or colonisation, which caused pulmonary infection requiring treatment in a pwCF. This report shows that M. simiae, rare in pwCF in the United Kingdom, can cause significant illness and highlights the diagnostic difficulty in individuals with positive smear mycobacteria that can be mistaken initially for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

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Mycobacterium simiae: Harmless colonizer or deadly pathogen?

Abstract: What is the history of Mycobacterium simiae and what are some of its genomic components?

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from tuberculosis-suspected patients

Molecular epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from tuberculosis-suspected patients

DisseminatedMycobacterium simiaeandMycobacterium aviuminfection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a female patient with HIV infection

Mycobacterium Simiae Infection in a Person With Cystic Fibrosis

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