Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Zerihun, M A; Nilsen, Hanne; Hodneland, S; Colquhoun, Duncan J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01320.x

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The histological analyses showed scarce amounts of acid-fast bacteria, which is characteristic of cases of chronic mycobacteriosis (Brocklebank, Raverty & Robinson 2003). Similar to that described by Zerihun et al (2011) in cases of experimental infections, the nodular lesions did not show central necrosis and were not surrounded by connective tissue bands or fibrin deposits, also as seen in fish infected by Mycobacterium chelonae and other species (Lund & Abernethy 1978;Bruno et al 1998;Salogni et al 2007), although in those cases the presence of bacteria was abundant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Moreover, this report can be considered as the first case of M. salmoniphilum in freshwater recirculation systems. Unlike cases described in Norway (Zerihun et al 2011), mycobacteriosis caused by M. salmoniphilum in Chile does not represent a great issue that causes major production losses, due to its low incidence and lethality, which in this case was approximately 3%. The case presented here appeared after an infection with IPN virus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Bacteriological findings indicate that the bacterial isolate shares some features with mycobacteria in morphology and staining affinity to both Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen stainings. Regarding biochemical features, our isolate is similar to those strains from Scotland (Bruno et al 1998) and Norway (Zerihun et al 2011), in that they do not utilize citrate. On the other hand, our isolate differs from these strains in that it does not ferment glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…), following the manufacturer's instructions. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in a final volume of 25 ll, using primers reported by Zerihun et al (2011). The presence of PCR products was checked on a 2% agarose gel.…”

Section: Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequences were edited using the Vector NTI v10 Software and then submitted to GenBank with the following access codes: KC333054 (16S), KC342200 (rpob) and KC342201 (ITS). The sequences reported by Zerihun et al (2011) were used for comparative purposes and to perform a phylogenetic analysis. The analysis was carried out using the MEGA 5 software; the phylogenetic tree was built using the neighbour-joining method with the Tamura-Nei model, performing 1000 bootstrap replicates to assign confidence values.…”

Section: Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as causal agent of mycobacteriosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from a freshwater recirculation system

Aro¹,

Correa²,

Martínez³

et al. 2013

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Thirty Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with low corporal condition relative to other fish present in the culture system, were sampled from a freshwater recirculation pisciculture located in Chile. The most characteristic signs and lesions were cachexia and presence of multiple greyish-white granulomas within internal organs. The external and internal lesions, along with the microscopic, histologic and biochemical findings, were consistent with mycobacteriosis. The identification of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as the causal agent of the lesions was possible through the use of molecular analyses. This study represents the first report of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum in a freshwater recirculation system and the first case of fish mycobacteriosis described in Chile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Characterization of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as causal agent of mycobacteriosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from a freshwater recirculation system

Aro¹,

Correa²,

Martínez³

et al. 2013

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Mycobacterium salmoniphilum and M. chelonae in Captive Populations of Chinook Salmon

et al. 2021

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Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is a keystone fish species in the Pacific Northwest. In 2019, unusual mortalities occurred in two different populations of cultured fingerlings from the same facility in California, USA. The systems consist of outdoor, enclosed, flow‐through freshwater tanks that are maintained at 18 ± 1°C. Clinical signs and gross findings were only observed in one population and included abnormal swimming, inappetence, lethargy, skin discoloration, and the presence of multifocal nodular and ulcerative skin lesions. Microscopic lesions were infrequent and consisted of severe, locally extensive granulomatous dermatitis and myositis and mild, multifocal, granulomatous branchitis, myocarditis, and hepatitis. Intracellular acid‐fast organisms were observed within areas of granulomatous myositis. Posterior kidney swabs were collected and inoculated in nutrient‐rich and selective agar media and incubated at 25°C for 2 weeks. Visibly pure bacterial colonies were observed 7–10 d postinoculation. Partial sequences of 16S rRNA initially identified the recovered bacteria as members of the genus Mycobacterium. However, marked variability was observed among Mycobacterium spp. isolates by using repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting. Amplification and sequencing of the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer, 65‐kDa heat shock protein, and RNA polymerase β‐subunit gene of the cultured isolates identified M. salmoniphilum and M. chelonae, discrete members of the M. chelonae‐abscessus complex, isolated from diseased Chinook Salmon fingerlings.

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Whole-Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Mycobacterium spp. from farmed Atlantic and coho salmon in Chile

Suárez

Kusch²,

Miranda

et al. 2021

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Several members of the Mycobacterium genus cause invasive infections in humans and animals. According to a recent phylogenetic analysis, some strains of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum (Msal), which are the main culprit in bacterial outbreaks in freshwater fish aquaculture, have been assigned to a separate branch containing Mycobacterium franklinii (Mfra), another species that causes infections in humans. However, this genus is little studied in an aquaculture context. Here, we isolated four Mycobacterium spp. strains from freshwater cultures of Atlantic and coho salmon in Chile and performed whole-genome sequencing for deep genomic characterization. In addition, we described the gross pathology and histopathology of the outbreaks. Several bioinformatic analyses were performed using the genomes of these four Mycobacterium isolates in conjunction with those of Msal strains, four Msal-like strains, and one Mfra strains, plus 17 other publicly available Mycobacterium genomes. We found that three isolates are clustered into the Msal branch, whereas one isolate clustered with the Mfra/Msal-like strains. We further evaluated the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes and observed that the four isolates were closely related to the Msal and Msal-like taxa and carried several antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes that are similar to those of other pathogenic members of the Mycobacterium clade. Altogether, our characterization Msal and Msal-like presented here shed new light on the basis of mycobacteriosis provides quantitative evidence that Mycobacterium strains are a potential risk for aquaculture asetiological agents of emerging diseases, and highlight their biological scopes in the aquaculture industry.

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Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Characterization of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as causal agent of mycobacteriosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from a freshwater recirculation system

Characterization of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as causal agent of mycobacteriosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from a freshwater recirculation system

Mycobacterium salmoniphilum and M. chelonae in Captive Populations of Chinook Salmon

Whole-Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Mycobacterium spp. from farmed Atlantic and coho salmon in Chile

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