Mycobacterium marinum Infection in Japanese Forest Green Tree Frogs (Rhacophorus arboreus)

Haridy, Mohie; Tachikawa, Yoshiharu; Yoshida, Shiomi; Tsuyuguchi, Kazunari; Tomita, Motohisa; Maeda, Shingo; Wada, Takayuki; Ibi, Kanata; Sakai, Hiroki; Yanai, Tokuma

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.04.014

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Granulomatous inflammation with the presences of epi thelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and intralesional acid-fast positive bacilli is a consistent finding in these studies (Ramakrishnan et al 1997, Green et al 2000, Trott et al 2004, Chai et al 2006, Ferreira et al 2006, Sánchez-Morgado et al 2009, Fremont-Rahl et al 2011, Haridy et al 2014. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that salamanders may have a weak adaptive im mune response compared to Xenopus spp.…”

Section: Non-granulomatous Mycobacteriosis In 14 Hongsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…To our knowledge, mycobacteriosis has not been reported in salamanders, but has been reported in other amphibians, including M. chelonae in South African clawed frogs Xenopus laevis (Green et al 2000); M. gordonae, M. liflandii, and M. szulgai in African clawed frogs Xenopus tropicalis (Chai et al 2006, Sánchez-Morgado et al 2009, Fremont-Rahl et al 2011; and M. marinum in bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana, Japanese forest green tree frogs Rhacophorus arboreus, and leopard frogs Rana pipiens (Ramakrishnan et al 1997, Ferreira et al 2006, Haridy et al 2014. Granulomatous inflammation with the presences of epi thelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and intralesional acid-fast positive bacilli is a consistent finding in these studies (Ramakrishnan et al 1997, Green et al 2000, Trott et al 2004, Chai et al 2006, Ferreira et al 2006, Sánchez-Morgado et al 2009, Fremont-Rahl et al 2011, Haridy et al 2014.…”

Section: Non-granulomatous Mycobacteriosis In 14 Hongmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Therefore, the nongranulomatous necrotic lesions in the present study cannot be fully ex plained by putative weak immune responses of salamanders. M. marinum has been reported to cause multiple granulomatous lesions in different species of frogs (Rama krishnan et al 1997, Ferreira et al 2006, Haridy et al 2014, but it also induces a non-granulomatous lesion in experimentally immu nosuppressed leopard frogs (Ramakrishnan (Rama krishnan et al 1997). As above, the density of intralesional acid-fast positive bacilli and the integrality of granuloma can be indicators for host immune status.…”

Section: Non-granulomatous Mycobacteriosis In 14 Hongmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the zoonotic potential of some infectious diseases in amphibians and in exotic companion animals should not be overlooked. The lesions caused by mycobacteria are granulomas in the skin and multiple internal organs, with varying numbers of acidfast positive bacilli (Green et al 2000, Chai et al 2006, Ferreira et al 2006, Sánchez-Morgado et al 2009, Fremont-Rahl et al 2011, Haridy et al 2014. A group of myco bacteria called mycolactone-producing mycobacteria (MPM), harboring a mycolactoneproducing plasmid, is able to generate an immunosuppressive and cytotoxic toxin (mycolactone), which is considered an important virulence factor in MPM infection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycolactone-producing Mycobacterium marinum infection in captive Hong Kong warty newts and pathological evidence of impaired host immune function

Chang²,

Pang³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A mass mortality event of captive Hong Kong warty newts Paramesotriton hongkongensis with non-granulomatous necrotic lesions occurred in Taipei Zoo, Taiwan, in 2014. Clinically, the sick newts were lethargic and often covered with water mold Saprolegnia sp. on the skin of the body trunk or extremities. Predominant pathological findings were multifocal nongranulomatous necrotic lesions in the liver, spleen, and kidneys and severe skin infection with Sapro legnia sp., with deep invasion and involvement of underlying muscles. The possibility of ranavirus infection was ruled out by negative PCR results. Unexpectedly, abundant intralesional acid-fast positive bacilli were found in the necrotic lesions of the liver, spleen, and kidney in all 14 sick newts. PCR targeting the hsp65, ITS region, and partial 16S rRNA genes was performed, and the sequence identity from amplified amplicons of hsp65 and partial 16S rRNA genes was 100% identical to that of the corresponding gene fragment of Mycobacterium marinum. Further molecular investigations demonstrated that the current M. marinum was a mycolactone-producing myco bacterium with the presence of esxA/esxB genes. Mycolactone is a plasmid-encoded, immunosuppressive, and cytotoxic toxin. The possible immunosuppression phenomenon characterized by systemic non-granulomatous necrotic lesions caused by M. marinum and the unusual deep invasive infection caused by water mold might be associated with the immunosuppressive effect of mycolactone. Therefore, it should be noted that non-granulomatous necrotic lesions in amphibians can be caused not only by ranavirus infection but also by mycobacteriosis.KEY WORDS: Hong Kong warty newt · Mycobacterium marinum · Mycolactone · Saprolegnia sp. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 123: [239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249] 2017 al. 2011). At least 72 amphibian species in 14 families are known to have been infected by ranaviruses, and host susceptibility varies among species and developmental stages (Miller et al. 2011). The histopathological lesions caused by ranaviruses are multifocal hemorrhagic and necrotic foci in multiple internal organs, and the renal tubular epithelium is also considered as one of the primary targets (Robert et al. 2005, Gray et al. 2009, Miller et al. 2011. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is the cau sative agent of chytridiomycosis, a potentially fatal epidermal infection in amphibians (Van Rooij et al. 2015). Recently, a new species of Batrachochytrium sp., named B. salamandrivorans, was discovered (Martel et al. 2014). This species, which most likely originated in Asia, is highly pathogenic to salamanders (Martel et al. 2014).Infectious diseases in amphibians such as mycobacteriosis, do not only affect ectothermic vertebrates, but can also cause disease in mammals, including humans (Densmore & Green 2007). Therefore, the zoonotic potential of some infectious diseases in amphibians and in exotic companion animals should not be overl...

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Section: Non-granulomatous Mycobacteriosis In 14 Hongsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Non-granulomatous Mycobacteriosis In 14 Hongmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Non-granulomatous Mycobacteriosis In 14 Hongmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mycolactone-producing Mycobacterium marinum infection in captive Hong Kong warty newts and pathological evidence of impaired host immune function

Chang²,

Pang³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Moreover, this bullfrog could be immunocompromised, considering the other animals showed no signs of infection. Similar disseminated granulomatous lesions caused by M. marinum were observed in American bullfrogs [ 17 ] and Japanese forest green tree frogs ( Rhacophorus arboreus ) [ 18 ]. The coelomic effusion seen in the latter [ 18 ] and in the specimen of this case resembles the ascitic fluid caused by M. tuberculosis and M. bovis in humans [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection in a captive-bred American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana)

Ikuta

Reisfeld²,

Silvatti³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundTuberculosis is widely known as a progressive disease that affects endothermic animals, leading to death and/or economical losses, while mycobacterial infections in amphibians are commonly due to nontuberculous mycobacteria. To the authors’ knowledge, this report describes the first case of bovine tuberculosis in a poikilothermic animal.Case presentationAn adult female captive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802) died in a Brazilian aquarium. Multiple granulomas with acid-fast bacilli were observed in several organs. Identification of Mycobacterium bovis was accomplished by culture and PCR methods. The other animals from the same enclosure were euthanized, but no evidence of mycobacterial infection was observed.ConclusionsThe American bullfrog was introduced in several countries around the world as an alternative husbandry, and its production is purposed for zoological and aquarium collections, biomedical research, education, human consumption and pet market. The present report warns about an episode of bovine tuberculosis in an amphibian, therefore further studies are necessary to define this frog species’ role in the epidemiology of M. bovis.

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Herptile Cytodiagnosis

2022

Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

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Mycobacterium marinum Infection in Japanese Forest Green Tree Frogs (Rhacophorus arboreus)

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Mycolactone-producing Mycobacterium marinum infection in captive Hong Kong warty newts and pathological evidence of impaired host immune function

Mycolactone-producing Mycobacterium marinum infection in captive Hong Kong warty newts and pathological evidence of impaired host immune function

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection in a captive-bred American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana)

Herptile Cytodiagnosis

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