Mycobacterium marinum infection following contact with reptiles: vivarium granuloma

Bouricha, M; Castán, B.; Duchene-Parisi, Elisabeth; Drancourt, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.11.020

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…[ 43 , 44 ] and Mycobacterium spp. [ 45 ] were found in captive animals sometimes representing a serious hazard for people’s health [ 46 – 48 ]. It can also be the case with Chlamydia spp., as has already been suggested, especially when C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-living and captive turtles and tortoises as carriers of new Chlamydia spp.

et al. 2017

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A variety of Chlamydia species belonging to the Chlamydiaceae family have been reported in reptilian hosts but scarce data about their occurrence in turtles and tortoises are available. In this study, research was conducted to acquire information on invasive alien species (IAS) of turtles and indigenous turtles and tortoises, living both free and in captivity, as possible reservoirs of Chlamydiaceae. Analysis of specimens (pharyngeal and cloacal swabs and tissues) from 204 turtles and tortoises revealed an overall Chlamydiaceae prevalence of 18.3% and 28.6% among free-living and captive animals respectively, with variable levels of shedding. Further testing conducted with a species-specific real-time PCR and microarray test was unsuccessful. Subsequently sequencing was applied to genotype the Chlamydiaceae-positive samples. Almost the full lengths of the 16S rRNA and ompA genes as well as the 16S-23S intergenic spacer (IGS) and 23S rRNA domain I were obtained for 14, 20 and 8 specimens respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA amplicons revealed two distinct branches. Group 1 (10 specimens), specific to freshwater turtles and reported here for the first time, was most closely related to Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae strains and the newly described Candidatus C. sanzinia. Group 2 (four specimens), detected in Testudo spp. samples, showed highest homology to C. pecorum strains but formed a separate sub-branch. Finally, molecular analysis conducted on positive samples together with their geographical distribution in places distant from each other strongly suggest that Group 1 specimens correspond to a new species in the Chlamydiaceae family. In-depth studies of Chlamydia spp. from turtles and tortoises are needed to further characterise these atypical strains and address arising questions about their pathogenicity and zoonotic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-living and captive turtles and tortoises as carriers of new Chlamydia spp.

et al. 2017

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“…Because aquatic environments are the preferred environments for these bacteria, infection often follows contact with contaminated water or aquatic animals. Consequently, these infections are often associated with the professional activity of the patients [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Similarly, swimming pool infections were very frequent until the 1960s, and these infections were sometimes referred to as “swimming pool granuloma”, however, the occurrence of infections has since been reduced following improvements in swimming pool disinfection [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Zoonotic Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteriosis and Infections with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Aquatic Organisms: A Review

2020

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The Mycobacteriaceae constitute a family of varied Gram-positive organisms that include a large number of pathogenic bacteria. Among these, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are endemic worldwide and have been associated with infections in a large number of organisms, including humans and other mammals and reptiles, as well as fish. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding this group of pathogens in fish. There, four species are most commonly associated with disease outbreaks: Mycobacterium marinum, the most common of these fish mycobacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium gordonae, and Mycobacterium chelonae. These bacteria have a broad host range: they are zoonotic, and infections have been reported in a large number of fish species. The main route of entry of the bacterium into the fish is through the gastrointestinal route, and the disease is associated with ulcerative dermatitis as well as organomegaly and the development of granulomatous lesions in the internal organs. Mycobacteriaceae are slow-growing and fastidious and isolation is difficult and time consuming and diagnostic is mostly performed using serological and molecular tools. Control of the disease is also difficult: there is currently no effective vaccine and infections react poorly to antibiotherapy. For this reason, more research is needed on the subject of these vexing pathogens.

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“…ulcerans ATCC 25900 isolated in the USA and Mycobacterium buruli ATCC 25894 isolated in Uganda [ 38 ]. These strains were manipulated into a BLS3 laboratory and a clinical isolate of Mycobacterium marinum was isolated in our laboratory [ 39 ]. All strains were cultured at 30°C in Middlebrook 7H10 agar medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) oleic acid/albumin/dextrose/catalase (OADC) (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) and 0.5% (v/v) glycerol in a microaerophilic atmosphere for one week for M .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Carbon Substrate Profiling of Mycobacterium ulcerans Suggests Potential Environmental Reservoirs

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMycobacterium ulcerans is a close derivative of Mycobacterium marinum and the agent of Buruli ulcer in some tropical countries. Epidemiological and environmental studies pointed towards stagnant water ecosystems as potential sources of M. ulcerans, yet the ultimate reservoirs remain elusive. We hypothesized that carbon substrate determination may help elucidating the spectrum of potential reservoirs.Methodology/Principal findingsIn a first step, high-throughput phenotype microarray Biolog was used to profile carbon substrates in one M. marinum and five M. ulcerans strains. A total of 131/190 (69%) carbon substrates were metabolized by at least one M. ulcerans strain, including 28/190 (15%) carbon substrates metabolized by all five M. ulcerans strains of which 21 substrates were also metabolized by M. marinum. In a second step, 131 carbon substrates were investigated, through a bibliographical search, for their known environmental sources including plants, fruits and vegetables, bacteria, algae, fungi, nematodes, mollusks, mammals, insects and the inanimate environment. This analysis yielded significant association of M. ulcerans with bacteria (p = 0.000), fungi (p = 0.001), algae (p = 0.003) and mollusks (p = 0.007). In a third step, the Medline database was cross-searched for bacteria, fungi, mollusks and algae as potential sources of carbon substrates metabolized by all tested M. ulcerans; it indicated that 57% of M. ulcerans substrates were associated with bacteria, 18% with alga, 11% with mollusks and 7% with fungi.ConclusionsThis first report of high-throughput carbon substrate utilization by M. ulcerans would help designing media to isolate and grow this pathogen. Furthermore, the presented data suggest that potential M. ulcerans environmental reservoirs might be related to micro-habitats where bacteria, fungi, algae and mollusks are abundant. This should be followed by targeted investigations in Buruli ulcer endemic regions.

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Mycobacterium marinum infection following contact with reptiles: vivarium granuloma

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Free-living and captive turtles and tortoises as carriers of new Chlamydia spp.

Free-living and captive turtles and tortoises as carriers of new Chlamydia spp.

Mycobacteriosis and Infections with Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Aquatic Organisms: A Review

High-Throughput Carbon Substrate Profiling of Mycobacterium ulcerans Suggests Potential Environmental Reservoirs

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