Mycobacterium lentiflavum as the main cause of lymphadenitis in pediatric population

Miqueleiz-Zapatero, Ana; Olalla-Peralta, Cristina Santa; Guerrero-Torres, María Dolores; Cardeñoso-Domingo, Laura; Hernández-Milán, Belén; Domingo-García, Diego

doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2018.07.009

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In our study, M. nonchromogenicum was one of the most prevalent species, being isolated from cattle and wild boar. M. lentiflavum is considered an emerging pathogen for humans causing cervical lymphadenitis (Miqueleiz‐Zapatero et al., 2018). It has been previously detected in wild boar, warthog, buffalo, gazelle and cattle, among other hosts (García‐Jiménez et al., 2015; Katale et al., 2014), a list of host species extended to the red deer and the roe deer according to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond tuberculosis: Diversity and implications of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria at the wildlife–livestock interface

Varela-Castro

Barral

Arnal

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) circulate between the environment, animals and humans entailing a double concern: their ability to interfere with tuberculosis diagnosis and their potential to cause infections in their hosts. However, published records on NTM infections in animals are still scarce. The aims of the present study were to describe the diversity of NTM circulating among wild and domestic species from Spain and to analyze their implications as potential pathogenic microorganisms or as sources of interferences in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Overall, 293 NTM isolates of 277 animals were obtained from tissue samples collected between 2012 and 2019, and analyzed through a multigene approach for mycobacteria identification. Thirty‐one species were identified, being Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) and M. avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah), but also M. bouchedurhonense, M. nonchromogenicum and M. lentiflavum, the most abundant ones. Maa and M. lentiflavum were isolated in several animals showing tuberculosis‐like lesions. Maa, Mah and M. nonchromogenicum were recovered from many cattle that had reacted to the tuberculin skin test. Other NTM were also associated to these phenomena. These four mycobacterial species were geographically associated between wild boar and other hosts. The findings of the present study suggest that a high diversity of NTM circulates among wildlife and livestock. Wild boar and M. avium seem to play a relevant role in this epidemiological scenario.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond tuberculosis: Diversity and implications of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria at the wildlife–livestock interface

Varela-Castro

Barral

Arnal

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), as an environmental opportunistic mycobacteria, are different from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) but still could cause disease in human, such as pulmonary infections, lymphadenitis, skin and soft tissue infections. [1][2][3][4] It is a group of conditional pathogen cause even more diseases burden than TB. In recent years, NTM infection is increasing quickly over worldwide and becomes a very important global public health problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HMGN2 regulates non‐tuberculous mycobacteria survival via modulation of M1 macrophage polarization

Wang

Chen

Ren

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as an environmental and atypical mycobacteria, can cause the chronic pulmonary infectious diseases. Macrophages have been suggested as the main host cell to initiate the innate immune responses to NTM infection. However, the molecular mechanism to regulate the antimicrobial immune responses to NTM is still largely unknown. Current study showed that the NTM clinical groups, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, significantly induced the M1 macrophage polarization with the characteristic production of nitric oxide (NO) and marker gene expression of iNOS, IFNγ, TNF‐α, IL1‐β and IL‐6. Interestingly, a non‐histone nuclear protein, HMGN2 (high‐mobility group N2), was found to be spontaneously induced during NTM‐activated M1 macrophage polarization. Functional studies revealed that HMGN2 deficiency in NTM‐infected macrophage promotes the expression of M1 markers and the production of NO via the enhanced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling. Further studies exhibited that HMGN2 knock‐down also enhanced IFNγ‐induced M1 macrophage polarization. Finally, we observed that silencing HMGN2 affected the survival of NTM in macrophage, which might largely relevant to enhanced macrophage polarization into M1 phenotype under the NTM infection. Collectively, current studies thus suggested a novel function of HMGN2 in regulating the anti‐non‐tuberculous mycobacteria innate immunity of macrophage.

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“…Treatment for M. lentiflavum is not clearly established. As with other mycobacteria, a combination treatment with several antibiotics is usually performed according to the published data, including macrolides, quinolones or antimycobacterial treatment [1]. The duration of treatment in extrapulmonary infections caused by M. lentiflavum is not defined, although in CNS infections caused by mycobacteria prolonged treatment of approximately 12 months is generally necessary due to the poor penetration of antibiotics through the blood–brain barrier [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Meningoencephalitis due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum in an immunocompromised patient: Case report

Martínez‐Poles

Saldaña-Díaz

Esteban

et al. 2022

Euro J of Neurology

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Mycobacterium lentiflavum is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that usually causes lymphadenitis in children and immunocompromised patients [1]. So far, there are no reports of central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by this microorganism. The first case of meningoencephalitis due to M. lentiflavum is reported. C A S E REP ORTA 55-year-old woman with diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis treated with corticosteroids, methotrexate, infliximab and a single dose of tocilizumab was admitted to the neurology ward for a rapidly progressive cognitive impairment with amnesia, apraxia and behavioral symptoms such as apathy, irritability and heteroaggressivity in the last 2 months. In addition, the days before admission she developed weakness in both lower extremities.A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an extensive subcortical lesion that occupied both frontal lobes completely and was hyperintense in a fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence (Figure 1a) and with T1 meningeal thickening with significant enhancement after gadolinium administration suggestive of meningoencephalitis (Figure 1b).Blood tests showed a normal blood cell count with no leukocytosis or leukopenia and a slightly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 35 mm/h (normal <25 mm/h) with C-reactive protein of 0.5 (normal 0-0.5). A lumbar puncture was performed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis that showed mononuclear pleocytosis (75 white blood cells [WBC] per mm 3 with 98% mononuclear cells; 3 red blood cells [RBC] per mm 3 ) and elevated CSF proteins (59.9 mg/dl, normal <45 mg/dl) with normal glucose level. Bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial cultures were negative. Cryptococcal antigen was negative. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Hain, Germany) and Multiplex-PCR that includes bacteria, viruses and fungi that most frequently cause acute meningitis

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Mycobacterium lentiflavum as the main cause of lymphadenitis in pediatric population

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Beyond tuberculosis: Diversity and implications of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria at the wildlife–livestock interface

Beyond tuberculosis: Diversity and implications of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria at the wildlife–livestock interface

HMGN2 regulates non‐tuberculous mycobacteria survival via modulation of M1 macrophage polarization

Meningoencephalitis due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum in an immunocompromised patient: Case report

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