Mycobacterium kumamotonense, another Member of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Unusually Carrying Two Copies of the Ribosomal RNA Operon

Menéndez, M. Carmen

doi:10.4172/2161-1068.1000176

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The extra base pair occurs within 20 bp of the 3= end of the sequence in GenBank, while the current sequence with the gap is approximately 80 bp longer (1). Recent studies have shown this species to have two copies of the 16S rRNA gene, and this is the most likely explanation of this single base pair difference (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, “Mycobacterium virginiense” sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis

Vasireddy

Brown‐Elliott

et al. 2016

J Clin Microbiol

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Mycobacterium terrae complex (MTC) was first characterized in 1981 by the International Working Group in Mycobacterial Taxonomy (IWGMT). The initial MTC consisted of two nonchromogenic slowly growing species: M. terrae and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum (1, 2). Phenotypic separation within the group was often difficult, and molecular methods were not available, making establishment of species pathogenicity uncertain (3).The complex is recognized as an environmental contaminant of sputum and a cause of tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis primarily of the fingers and wrist (3-35). Whether one or more members of the complex are true respiratory pathogens has not been established (1, 22).The first published case report of tenosynovitis caused by the MTC was by Hirata and Tomiyama in 1976 (4). There have been approximately 34 additional case reports published since then, identified using nonmolecular methods (3-25), with 14 cases identified using molecular methods (26)(27)(28)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36) (Tables 1 and 2). With the exception of four isolates of M. arupense, including the original description of M. arupense (28), details of the methods and/or explicitly stating a 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to recognized species for the remaining cases with molecular identifications have been absent (Table 2).An excellent history and species update of the M. terrae complex based on multigene sequencing targets was published by Tortoli et al. (1). He noted that the presence of a two nucleotide insertion in helix 18 of the 16S rRNA gene (bp ϳ430 to 500; hypervariable region B or region V3) provided a consistent signature sequence for members of the MTC compared to other slowly growing mycobacteria (37,38). He also characterized several new species in the complex, including Mycobacterium heraklionense and Mycobacterium engbaekii (1).The greater availability of DNA sequencing (59) Citation Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Brown-Elliott BA, Wengenack NL, Eke UA, Benwill JL, Turenne C, Wallace RJ, Jr. 2016. Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a newly proposed species, "Mycobacterium virginiense" sp. nov., but not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as species of the Mycobacterium terrae complex causing tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Members of the M. terrae complex are known to harbor two copies of the ribosomal operon that may contain differences in the 16S rRNA gene (52,53), seen as ambiguous bases in sequence electropherograms. Variations in positions of ambiguity were not considered in 16S phylogenetic analyses in this study.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, “Mycobacterium virginiense” sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis

Vasireddy

Brown‐Elliott

et al. 2016

J Clin Microbiol

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“…IS6110 is one of the IS elements which are intensively studied and reported to be specific to M. tuberculosis complex genome. IS6110 is present in multiple copies within the M. tuberculosis genome which makes it an important epidemiological tool for strain identification (Menéndez et al 2014 ; Siddiqui et al 2013 ). The capacity to differentiate between the strains depends on the variation in copy number as well as the insertion sites of IS6110 (Thorne et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of mixed infection of Beijing/Non-Beijing strains among multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pakistan

et al. 2016

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains as one of the deadliest diseases after HIV globally with 95 % of deaths confined to low-and-middle income countries. Pakistan is fifth among the 22 high-burden TB countries with the incidence rate of 230/100,000 persons, however, studies related to prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and their spread, drug resistance pattern and evolutionary genetics are inadequate. The present study was undertaken to highlight the circulation of M. tuberculosis strains causing drug resistant TB in our community by targeting the molecular marker IS6110 and then characterization of these strains as Beijing and Non-Beijing genotypes. Sputum samples from 102 MDR TB suspects from different cities of Punjab were collected and their record was stored in a database. Sputum samples were evaluated by Ziehl Neelson staining and cultured on Lownstein Jensen medium by Modified Petroff’s method. DST was performed for first-line anti-mycobacterial drugs by indirect proportion method. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were investigated for the presence of IS6110 and further identification as Beijing, Non-Beijing or mixed genotype. Percentage of male and female patients was found to be 58.8 and 41.2 % respectively. DST showed resistance of 93 % of isolates to isoniazid and rifampicin. All of the isolates showed positive results for IS6110 amplification. Based on PCR amplification of Beijing and non-Beijing primer sets 4.9 % of the patients showed infection with pure Beijing isolates, 14.7 % with both Beijing and non-Beijing isolates and 80.3 % with pure non-Beijing isolates. Analysis of IS6110 and Beijing sequences showed the presence of putative transposase conserved domain while non-Beijing sequences were epitomized with RAMP_I_III superfamily domain (CRISPR-associated protein family). TB in Pakistan is predominantly caused by Non-Beijing genotypes, but Beijing strains showed incessant circulation in our community as both single and mixed (co-infecting Non-Beijing and Beijing) strains.

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“…Previously, using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of the 16S rDNA gene of M. kumamotonense, it was found that this bacterium carries two copies of the rrn operon per genome [12].…”

Section: Organization Of the Rrna Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, it has been described that all mycobacteria have one rrn operon (rrnA) located downstream from the murA gene [9,10]; in addition, other mycobacterial species have a second operon (rrnB) located downstream of the tyrS gene [9,11]. A few mycobacterial species of the Mycobacterium terrae group (MTG), in which M. kumamotonense was also classified, carry two rrn operons per genome [12]. All the same, the sequence and organization of its two previously discovered rrn operons is not yet known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization and Characterization of the Promoter Elements of the rRNA Operons in the Slow-Growing Pathogen Mycobacterium kumamotonense

Sánchez-Estrada

Méndez-Guerrero

García-Morales

et al. 2023

Genes

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The slow-growing, nontuberculous mycobacterium Mycobacterium kumamotonense possesses two rRNA operons, rrnA and rrnB, located downstream from the murA and tyrS genes, respectively. Here, we report the sequence and organization of the promoter regions of these two rrn operons. In the rrnA operon, transcription can be initiated from the two promoters, named P1 rrnA and PCL1, while in rrnB, transcription can only start from one, called P1 rrnB. Both rrn operons show a similar organization to the one described in Mycobacterium celatum and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Furthermore, by qRT-PCR analyses of the products generated from each promoter, we report that stress conditions such as starvation, hypoxia, and cellular infection affect the contribution of each operon to the synthesis of pre-rRNA. It was found that the products from the PCL1 promoter of rrnA play a pivotal role in rRNA synthesis during all stress conditions. Interestingly, the main participation of the products of transcription from the P1 promoter of rrnB was found during hypoxic conditions at the NRP1 phase. These results provide novel insights into pre-rRNA synthesis in mycobacteria, as well as the potential ability of M. kumamotonense to produce latent infections.

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Mycobacterium kumamotonense, another Member of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Unusually Carrying Two Copies of the Ribosomal RNA Operon

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, “Mycobacterium virginiense” sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis

Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, “Mycobacterium virginiense” sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis

Emergence of mixed infection of Beijing/Non-Beijing strains among multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pakistan

Organization and Characterization of the Promoter Elements of the rRNA Operons in the Slow-Growing Pathogen Mycobacterium kumamotonense

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