Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Antibody Response, Fecal Shedding, and Antibody Cross-Reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-Infected Cattle Herds Vaccinated against Johne's Disease

Tewari, Deepanker; Hovingh, Ernest; Linscott, Rick; Martel, Edmond; Lawrence, John C.; Wolfgang, D.R.; Griswold, David

doi:10.1128/cvi.00032-14

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Expected net direct benefits per animal per year were $8.02 for a herd with an initial 10% prevalence of MAP-shedding animals. The results also show that the effect of MAP vaccination on the overall prevalence and the prevalence of latent infected and low shedder animals is fairly small, whereas the effect on the number of heavy shedders and clinical animals is larger, which is consistent with earlier studies (Groenendaal and Galligan, 2003;Knust et al, 2013;Tewari et al, 2014).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…On the other hand, the analysis by Knust et al (2013) did not separate the effect of vaccination from the effect of management practices, which also help in limiting disease spread and contribute to the apparent effect of vaccination. In the study by Tewari et al (2014), MAP vaccination decreased the prevalence and shedding, even in a herd that implemented virtually no change in preventive practices, supporting the conclusion that vaccination by itself has an effect on prevalence and shedding, but prevalence may be further decreased by implementation of good management practices. Third, the disease-spread model developed by Zagmutt et al (2012) and used in this study was a Markov Chain model and thus assumed that infection probability did not decrease as the number of shedding animals decreased over time.…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

“…Although other studies reported no cross-reactivity (Coad et al, 2013;Tewari et al, 2014), they were based on other vaccines or types of BTB tests (i.e., serological tests vs. cell-based tests). In addition, the current study only took into account additional false-positive test results (i.e., cross-reactivity) of MAP vaccinates but did not consider potential additional positive results from MAP-infected animals.…”

Section: Cost-benefit Break-even Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle, given its cross-reactivity with tuberculosis tests

Groenendaal

Zagmutt

Patton

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Johne's disease (JD), or paratuberculosis, is a chronic enteric disease of ruminants, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Johne's disease causes considerable economic losses to the US dairy industry, estimated to be over $200 million annually. Available control strategies include management measures to improve calf hygiene, test-and-cull strategies, and vaccination. Although the first 2 strategies have shown to reduce the prevalence of MAP, they require dedicated and long-term efforts from dairy producers, with often relatively slow progress. As a result, uptake of both strategies has not been as wide as expected given the economic benefits especially of improved hygiene. Vaccination has also been found to reduce the prevalence and economic losses of JD, but most economic estimates have been based on simulation of hypothetical vaccines. In addition, if an animal is vaccinated, cross-reactivity between MAP antibodies and bovine tuberculosis (BTB) antigens may occur, decreasing the specificity of BTB tests. Therefore, MAP vaccination would cause additional indirect costs to the BTB surveillance and control program. The objective of the present study was to use data from a MAP vaccine trial together with an epidemiologic and economic model to estimate the direct on-farm benefits of MAP vaccination and to estimate the indirect costs of MAP vaccination due to the cross-reactivity with BTB tests. Direct economic benefits of MAP vaccination were estimated at $8.03 (90% predictive interval: -$25.97 to $41.36) per adult animal per year, all accruing to the dairy producers. This estimate is likely an underestimation of the true direct benefits of MAP vaccination. In addition, indirect economic costs due to cross-reactivity were $2.14 per adult animal per year, making MAP vaccination economically attractive. Only in regions or states with a high frequency of BTB testing (because of, for example, Mycobacterium bovis outbreaks in a wild deer population) and areas where typically small groups of animals are BTB tested would MAP vaccination not be economically attractive.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Cost-benefit Break-even Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle, given its cross-reactivity with tuberculosis tests

Groenendaal

Zagmutt

Patton

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…For this purpose, we used the caprine model that was used previously (12,24,25). Unfortunately, it was difficult to identify a goat herd that was Johne's disease free for our study, which resulted in reducing the group size for the Mycopar vaccine, a well-studied vaccine (12,26,27). However, we were able to successfully identify significant differences between experimental groups, despite this limitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Protection from Live-Attenuated Vaccines Directed against Johne's Disease

Shippy

Lemke

Berry

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is the etiological agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. Johne's disease is an important enteric infection causing large economic losses associated with infected herds. In an attempt to fight this infection, we created two novel live-attenuated vaccine candidates with mutations in sigH and lipN (pgsH and pgsN, respectively). Earlier reports in mice suggested these vaccines are promising candidates to fight Johne's disease in ruminants. In this study, we tested the performances of the two constructs as vaccine candidates using the goat model of Johne's disease. Both vaccines appeared to provide significant immunity to goats against challenge from wild-type M. paratuberculosis. The pgsH and pgsN constructs showed a significant reduction in histopathological lesions and tissue colonization compared to nonvaccinated goats and those vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. Unlike the inactivated vaccine, the pgsN construct was able to eliminate fecal shedding from challenged animals, a feature that is highly desirable to control Johne's disease in infected herds. Furthermore, strong initial cell-mediated immune responses were elicited in goats vaccinated with pgsN that were not demonstrated in other vaccine groups. Overall, the results indicate the potential use of live-attenuated vaccines to control intracellular pathogens, including M. paratuberculosis, and warrant further testing in cattle, the main target for Johne's disease control programs.

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“…Studies have confirmed that vaccination not only reduces the prevalence of JD but also has economic benefits to farmers (Groenendaal et al, 2015). Killed vaccine is considered to be an effective tool for controlling the spread of disease (Tewari et al, 2014).The primary reason for using an adjuvant in the immunization of an experimental animal is to produce a high-titer, high-affinity, and high-avidity antibody for use in other experiments. Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) is very efficient adjuvants in this regard (Lindblad, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and histopathological evaluation of the efficacy of Saponifiedand Freund’s incomplete adjuvanted paratuberculosiskilled vaccine in murine model

Begum

Lingaraju

2017

IJAR

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Johne's disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Vaccination is regarded as the only cost effective method for controlling JD. Experimental trial for 11 months was carried out by dividing mice into four different groups. Group I-saponified MAP killed vaccine; Group II-Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) MAP killed vaccine; Group III-saponin adjuvant control; Group IV-FIA control. Mice of all the groups were challenged with 10 8 colony forming unit live MAP organisms on 40 th day after vaccination. A total of 188 samples (52 faecal, 76 sera and 60 tissue samples) were collected from different groups of mice at different interval for monitoring MAP load by Ziehl Neelsen's staining and nested PCR along with tissue histopathology. Both the vaccinated groups (Group I and II) showed encouraging results in comparison to adjuvant control groups. There was reduction in faecal shedding (p<0.01), tissue load of MAP and less granuloma formation in both the vaccinated groups, however mice vaccinated with saponified MAP antigen gave better result in comparison to FIA vaccinated mice. Results of this study suggested that, saponified MAP killed vaccine in particular might reduce the overall burden of JD and show promising result in future.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Antibody Response, Fecal Shedding, and Antibody Cross-Reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-Infected Cattle Herds Vaccinated against Johne's Disease

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle, given its cross-reactivity with tuberculosis tests

Cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle, given its cross-reactivity with tuberculosis tests

Superior Protection from Live-Attenuated Vaccines Directed against Johne's Disease

Molecular and histopathological evaluation of the efficacy of Saponifiedand Freund’s incomplete adjuvanted paratuberculosiskilled vaccine in murine model

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