Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis-associated Diseases

Gitlin, Laura; Borody, Thomas J.; Chamberlin, William Henry; Campbell, John

doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e31825f2bce

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Improved testing strategies for ruminant herds such as metabolomic profiling (113) will aid in the public health approach to animal disease and sources of human exposure. On a limited basis, Crohn’s disease has been treated successfully with antibiotics (114, 115). As the MAP/Crohn’s debate resolves and as more diseases are linked to MAP, there will likely be a major shift in the public health approach to MAP and human disease.…”

Section: The Future – Map and Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis Zoonosis – The Hundred Year War – Beyond Crohn’s Disease

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The factitive role of Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn’s disease has been debated for more than a century. The controversy is due to the fact that Crohn’s disease is so similar to a disease of MAP-infected ruminant animals, Johne’s disease; and, though MAP can be readily detected in the infected ruminants, it is much more difficult to detect in humans. Molecular techniques that can detect MAP in pathologic Crohn’s specimens as well as dedicated specialty labs successful in culturing MAP from Crohn’s patients have provided strong argument for MAP’s role in Crohn’s disease. Perhaps more incriminating for MAP as a zoonotic agent is the increasing number of diseases with which MAP has been related: Blau syndrome, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis. In this article, we debate about genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and human exposure to MAP; moreover, it suggests that molecular mimicry between protein epitopes of MAP and human proteins is a likely bridge between infection and these autoimmune disorders.

show abstract

Section: The Future – Map and Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis Zoonosis – The Hundred Year War – Beyond Crohn’s Disease

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is an economically important pathogen (McAloon et al, 2016) causing Johne’s disease in wide range of wild and domestic animals that has been linked as a zoonotic agent involved in the progression of Crohn’s disease in humans (Gitlin et al, 2012). The ability of MAP to exist in a variety of phenotypes, some with a high resistance to killing (Grant and Rowe, 2004), has increased the importance of providing accurate quantitative estimates of viable counts when testing for the presence of this pathogen in food (Botsaris et al, 2016; Galiero et al, 2016; Ricchi et al, 2016), animal and human samples (Timms et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Culture Medium (TiKa) for Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis (MAP) Matches qPCR Sensitivity and Reveals Significant Proportions of Non-viable MAP in Lymphoid Tissue of Vaccinated MAP Challenged Animals

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quantitative detection of viable pathogen load is an important tool in determining the degree of infection in animals and contamination of foodstuffs. Current conventional culture methods are limited in their ability to determine these levels in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) due to slow growth, clumping and low recoverability issues. The principle goal of this study was to evaluate a novel culturing process (TiKa) with unique ability to stimulate MAP growth from low sample loads and dilutions. We demonstrate it was able to stimulate a mean 29-fold increase in recoverability and an improved sensitivity of up to three logs when compared with conventional culture. Using TiKa culture, MAP clumping was minimal and produced visible colonies in half the time required by standard culture methods. Parallel quantitative evaluation of the TiKa culture approach and qPCR on MAP loads in tissue and gut mucosal samples from a MAP vaccine-challenge study, showed good correlations between colony counts (cfu) and qPCR derived genome equivalents (Geq) over a large range of loads with a 30% greater sensitivity for TiKa culture approach at low loads (two logs). Furthermore, the relative fold changes in Geq and cfu from the TiKa culture approach suggests that non-mucosal tissue loads from MAP infected animals contained a reduced proportion of non-viable MAP (mean 19-fold) which was reduced significantly further (mean 190-fold) in vaccinated “reactor” calves. This study shows TiKa culture equates well with qPCR and provides important evidence that accuracy in estimating viable MAP load using DNA tests alone may vary significantly between samples of mucosal and lymphatic origin.

show abstract

“…Different bacteria or infectious agents have been accused of causing Crohn's disease in recent decades. Among those infectious agents were MAP [21,22,23], viruses [24,25,26,27], enteroinvasive Escherichia coli [28,29,30] and many more, but no sufficient evidence has been found for any of these infectious causes (which may be seen differently by supporters of such concepts).…”

Section: Why Do Pathophysiological Concepts That Have Never Been Provmentioning

confidence: 91%

The History and Philosophy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Rogler¹

2013

Dig Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many interesting statements about inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and also Crohn's disease have been made in recent years in journals and scientific meetings. They have influenced our thinking and the perception of the diseases. Among these statements is the notion that IBDs are ‘relatively new diseases', that ‘IBD is rather a syndrome than a disease' or that with the new insights into pathophysiology, ‘we will be able to discriminate many different Crohn's diseases based on genetic risk factors'. A look into history and philosophy may help to clarify misconceptions and prove that many of these statements are either wrong or misleading. People suffered from symptoms that are suggestive of Crohn's disease centuries before the disease concept evolved in the early 19th century and before Burrill B. Crohn could describe a complex of symptoms he suggested to be a so far non-identified disease. Early concepts on the pathophysiology of CD were not so different to present-time theories as it may be assumed. ‘Pre-ideas' and basic concepts were leading the search for a cause of Crohn's disease and IBD. With respect to pathophysiology, we have to accept that most likely we will never come up with one unifying concept (‘the cause of IBD') as different scientific schools and think-collectives exist. Therefore, the ‘classical adaptive immunologists' and the ‘innate immunologist' as well as scientists focused on barrier function or the microbiome will never completely understand each other and each other's concepts. As for many other diseases, several different pathophysiological concepts existed in parallel and will do so in the future as it is impossible to prove the exclusive ‘truth' of one of the concepts for reasons that will be further discussed below. This means on the other hand that none of the concepts on pathophysiology of IBD we have at present will ever unequivocally be proven to be wrong.

show abstract

Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis-associated Diseases

Cited by 18 publications

References 94 publications

Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis Zoonosis – The Hundred Year War – Beyond Crohn’s Disease

Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis Zoonosis – The Hundred Year War – Beyond Crohn’s Disease

Improved Culture Medium (TiKa) for Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis (MAP) Matches qPCR Sensitivity and Reveals Significant Proportions of Non-viable MAP in Lymphoid Tissue of Vaccinated MAP Challenged Animals

The History and Philosophy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About