Mycobacterium Avium in Pygmy Rabbits (Brachylagus Idahoensis): 28 Cases

Harrenstien, Lisa A.; Finnegan, Mitchell V.; Woodford, Nina L.; Mansfield, Kristin; Waters, W. Ray; Bannantine, John P.; Paustian, Michael L.; Garner, Michael M.; Bakke, Antony C.; Peloquin, Charles A.; Phillips, Terry M.

doi:10.1638/05-002.1

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…MAC (and more recently M. genavense) is the mycobacteria which has been most commonly isolated from domestic and wild birds and humans (Table 1) (10,13,15,20,21,22). Some zoos have set up avian mycobacterial collections of valuable specimens catalogued as being rare or in danger of extinction.…”

Section: Avian Mycobacteriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susceptible species Avian mycobacteriosis has been reported in many species of birds (17,24,25,33,34), but MAC and M. genavense are also potential pathogens for mammals, particularly if they are immunosuppressed (2,12,13,15,19). Mycobacterial infection has been reported in parrots (11,19,25,35), raptors (2,9,19,22,23,25,27,29,31,(36)(37)(38), doves and pigeons (2,19,28,39), cranes (27,33,34,36,40,41), musofagides and ratites (42,43), ducks (11,26,44), songbirds (11,26), toucans (45), flamingos (46)(47)(48)(49) and turkeys (21).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susceptibility to mycobacterial infection in humans is closely related to the immune response, as a poor host immune response to mycobacteria may lead to replication thereby causing infection and illness (1,15,25,50). Although the host responds appropriately and controls mycobacterial infection, it does not necessarily resolve it.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the host responds appropriately and controls mycobacterial infection, it does not necessarily resolve it. Mycobacteria living within macrophages in the host have replicated at subclinical levels for years to develop the active infection when the host's immune system is less efficient or has been immunocompromised (1,15,25).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enzymatic linked immunoassay (ELISA) has been used for detecting antimycobacterial antibodies in the serum of certain species having clinical significance (9,17,42). New techniques include diagnostic deoxyribonucleic acidribonucleic acid (DNA-RNA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for specific mycobacterial genes (9,10,11,13,15,20,21,25,28,29). Polymorphism restriction analysis (PRA) is used for identifying mycobacterial species and subspecies (8,10,42,55).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacteriosis in Wild Birds: the Potential risk of Disseminating a Little-known Infectious Disease

Soler¹,

Brieva²,

Ribón³

2009

Rev. salud pública

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Avian mycobacteriosis is important for animal and human health; wild birds play an important role in mycobacterial species' ecology and movement. This review was aimed at reporting the role of birds in the spread of avian mycobacteriosis in human and animal populations at risk and thus a systematic review was made of PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo and Scirus databases. Mycobacteria are classified into the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria; the Mycobacterium avium complex represents the most important part of the latter because it is primarily responsible for mycobacterial infection in wild birds and is a potential pathogen for mammals, especially for immunocompromised patients. The clinical signs in birds are variable as it is a chronic and debilitating disease, involving emaciated carcasses, white nodules in different organs and microscopically it presents granulomatosous multifocal inflammation. Diagnosis begins by suspicion based on clinical signs and finishes with microbiological confirmation. New diagnostic techniques include testing with DNA-RNA probes. No effective treatment is currently available and chemoprophylaxis on suspicion of infection is not recommended at the start; these factors increase the potential risk of mycobacteriosis becoming one of the most frequently documented zoonotic diseases which is difficult to treat in birds and humans. Recent concern regarding mycobacterial infection lies in the increased frequency of these opportunistic infections occurring in immunocompromised individuals and these infections' potential impact on bird conservation, this being increased by greater contact between humans and wild and captive birds.

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