Mycobacterium arosiense sp. nov., a slowly growing, scotochromogenic species causing osteomyelitis in an immunocompromised child

Bang, Didi; Herlin, Troels; Stegger, Marc; Andersen, Aase Bengaard; Torkko, Pirjo; Tortoli, Enrico; Thomsen, Vibeke Østergaard

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65503-0

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The strain from which the description of the new species originated was responsible for disseminated osteomyelitis in a 7-yearold child with underlying gamma interferon receptor alpha-1 deficiency (79). Other clinical strains have been reported, including five from respiratory specimens and two from urine (80).…”

Section: Mycobacterium Arosiensementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Features and Clinical Relevance of New Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

2014

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SUMMARY Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are present in the environment, mainly in water, and are occasionally responsible for opportunistic infections in humans. Despite the fact that NTM are characterized by a moderate pathogenicity, the diseases caused by NTM at various body sites are increasing on a worldwide level. Among over 150 officially recognized NTM species, only two or three dozen are familiar to clinicians, and even to most microbiologists. In this paper, approximately 50 new species described in the last 8 years are reviewed, and their role in human infections is assessed on the basis of reported clinical cases. The small number of reports concerning most of the “new” mycobacterial species is responsible for the widespread conviction that they are very rare. Their role is actually largely underestimated, mainly because they often remain unrecognized and misidentified. Aiming to minimize such bias, emphasis has been placed on more common identification pitfalls. Together with new NTM, new members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex described in the last few years are also an object of the present review.

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Section: Mycobacterium Arosiensementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Features and Clinical Relevance of New Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

2014

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“…At least some strains cause diseases in susceptible humans, including lymphadenitis in children, disseminated disease in severely immunocompromised individuals, and lung disease associated with several clinical profiles (3). MAC comprises two major species, M. avium and M. intracellulare, as well as minor species and members that are not classified into species (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). M. avium is further divided into subspecies, M. avium subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been used to generate high-resolution genetic fingerprints of the MAC. These include pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (11), restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using insertion sequences (12,13), repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) analysis (14,15), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (6), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unitvariable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis (16), amplified fragment length polymorphism (ALFP) (17), (CCG) 4 based PCR analysis (18), and multispacer sequence typing (MST) (19). These methods vary in the quantity and purity of DNA required for analysis and their portability (the ease with which results can be compared across analyses and exchanged among laboratories).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shared Mycobacterium avium Genotypes Observed among Unlinked Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Dirac

Weigel

Yakrus

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Our understanding of the sources of Mycobacterium avium infection is partially based on genotypic matching of pathogen isolates from cases and environmental sources. These approaches assume that genotypic identity is rare in isolates from unlinked cases or sources. To test this assumption, a high-resolution PCR-based genotyping approach, large-sequence polymorphism (LSP)-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR), was selected and used to analyze clinical and environmental isolates of M. avium from geographically diverse sources. Among 127 clinical isolates from seven locations in North America, South America, and Europe, 42 genotypes were observed. Among 12 of these genotypes, matches were seen in isolates from apparently unlinked patients in two or more geographic locations. Six of the 12 were also observed in environmental isolates. A subset of these isolates was further analyzed by alternative strain genotyping methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MIRU-VNTR, which confirmed the existence of geographically dispersed strain genotypes. These results suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting high-resolution genotypic matches as evidence for an acquisition event.

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“…Its potential pathogenicity, at least in immunocompromised patients, is supported, as an adjunct to the present case in which the patient had a history of lymphoma, gastrectomy, and splenectomy and was bronchiectasic, by the previous one in which it was responsible for disseminated osteomyelitis (2). Unlike other species, the antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro of M. arosiense appears to correlate well with its clinical response in vivo; in fact, a treatment with clarithromycin and a rifamycin turned out to be effective in both cases in which it was undertaken.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Pulmonary Disease Due to Mycobacterium arosiense , an Easily Misidentified Pathogenic Novel Mycobacterium

et al. 2009

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Mycobacterium arosiense is a newly described species. After noticing it was misidentified as Mycobacterium intracellulare by the commercial identification system GenoType CM (Hein, Nehren, Germany), we detected 4 such strains among 33 that were previously misidentified as M. intracellulare. Three more strains were found among unidentified mycobacteria not tested previously with GenoType. The first case of pulmonary disease due to M. arosiense is reported here, and the novel species, of which so far only one strain had been investigated, is further characterized.A 62-year-old male, previously a smoker, was hospitalized because of a cough and slight fever (37.6°C). His history included Hodgkin's lymphoma, treated with radiotherapy and a splenectomy at the age of 39, and gastric carcinoma, treated with a gastrectomy at the age of 53. In the last 5 months, the patient had been occasionally treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; following each cycle, the fever and cough appeared to improve but invariably relapsed 15 to 20 days later. A chest X ray revealed bilateral fibronodular infiltration and calcified hilar nodules. A computed tomography scan showed, in the right apex of the lung, alveolar pseudonodular opacity and, in the upper left lobe, bronchiectasis and pleural thickening; typical tree-in-bud pictures (4), considered suggestive of mycobacterial infection, were present in the upper left lobe, both lower lobes, the middle lobe, and the lingula (Fig. 1). Both a skin test and a gamma interferon-releasing assay (8) for tuberculosis were negative. More-remarkable blood parameters included elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (104 mm/h and 1,590 g/liter, respectively) and leukocytosis (16.4 ϫ 10 9 cells/liter) with neutrophilia (79%). When microbiological investigations of samples of sputum, urine, stool, blood, and pharyngeal swabs as well as serology for more-frequent viral and bacterial infections scored negative, the patient, who although untreated had turned afebrile, was discharged. Two weeks later, however, the growth on liquid MGIT medium (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD) of mycobacteria from four (out of four) sputum samples led to the start of an antituberculosis treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. A new sample of sputum, collected at that time, grew mycobacteria 2 weeks later. Once the isolates were identified with GenoType CM (Hein, Nehren, Germany) (10) as belonging to the species Mycobacterium intracellulare, clarithromycin was added to the therapy, and isoniazid and pyrazinamide were removed. Since then, apart from episodes of epigastralgia and esophageal candidosis, the cough disappeared, and the conditions of the man clearly improved; the only sample of sputum he was able to produce remained negative in culture. At present, the patient has completed his fourth month of therapy, which is planned to be continued for at least 1 year (3), and is well. In the meantime, a thorough revision of the identification of the strain led to its being identif...

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Mycobacterium arosiense sp. nov., a slowly growing, scotochromogenic species causing osteomyelitis in an immunocompromised child

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

Microbiological Features and Clinical Relevance of New Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

Microbiological Features and Clinical Relevance of New Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

Shared Mycobacterium avium Genotypes Observed among Unlinked Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Pulmonary Disease Due to Mycobacterium arosiense , an Easily Misidentified Pathogenic Novel Mycobacterium

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