Mycobacterium abscessus infection in the stomach of patients with various gastric symptoms

Abstract

Development of gastric diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer is often associated with several biotic and abiotic factors. Helicobacter pylori infection is such a well-known biotic factor. However, not all H. pylori-infected individuals develop gastric diseases and not all individuals with gastric diseases are infected with H. pylori. Therefore, it is possible that other gastric bacteria may contribute to the formation and progression of gastric disease. The aim of this study was to isolate prevalent gastric bacteria under microaerobic condition and identify them by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Analysis of gastric biopsies showed infection of Mycobacterium abscessus (phylum Actinobacteria) to be highly prevalent in the stomachs of subjects included. Our data show that of 129 (67 male and 62 female) patients with gastric symptoms, 96 (51 male and 45 female) showed the presence of M. abscessus in stomach tissues. Infection of M. abscessus in gastric epithelium was further confirmed by imaging with acid fast staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our imaging data strongly suggested that M. abscessus is an intracellular colonizer residing inside the gastric epithelial cells rather than in macrophages. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of the mycobacterial hsp65 gene showed that the nearest match to the M. abscessus strains isolated from our study subjects is the M. abscessus strain ATCC 19977. Surprisingly, the subjects studied, the prevalence of M. abscessus infection in stomach is even higher than the prevalence of H. pylori infection. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study showing the colonization of M. abscessus in human gastric mucosa among patients with various gastric symptoms. This study could provide usher in a new opportunity to understand the role of less studied gastric bacteria in the development of gastric diseases.

Study on the Risk Factors of Pulmonary Infection after Laparoscopic Surgery and Analysis of the Detection Results of Drug-Resistant Bacteria

“…The results of Caruso et al [ 10 ] showed that the hospital infection rate after laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer was higher, which may be related to the fact that the study reported total hospital infections and not just lung infections. In addition, Chouhan et al reported [ 11 ] that the incidence of pulmonary infection in elderly patients after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy was about 3%, significantly lower than that in this study, which may be caused by the small sample size of this study. Blood glucose levels are generally high in patients with diabetes mellitus, microangiopathy is often present, and the phagocytic ability of macrophages decreased in varying degrees, which decreased the immune ability of the body and finally increased the risk of pulmonary infection.…”

Longitudinal non-cystic fibrosis trends of pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus disease from 2010 to 2017: spread of the “globally successful clone” in Asia

“…Anatomical or functional abnormalities of the upper aerodigestive tract might be an underappreciated risk factor for MAB pulmonary disease. MAB has been demonstrated in 74% of patients with gastric symptoms in their biopsied gastric epithelium [ 34 ]. More studies are warranted to quantify the risks of such upper aerodigestive tract abnormalities.…”

“…MAB has been demonstrated in 74% of patients with gastric symptoms in their biopsied gastric epithelium [34]. More studies are warranted to quantify the risks of such upper aerodigestive tract abnormalities.…”

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Interference with BCG-Current Controversies and Future Directions

“…However, individuals with gastric diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer have colonization of M . abscessus [ 34 ]. Before the development of more effective anti-HIV treatment, the gut appeared to be one of the major portals of M. avium infection in AIDS patients with disseminated NTM disease [ 35 ].…”

“…The majority of healthy humans exposed to NTM through an aerosol or drinking water and through immune control of NTMs do not become infected nor show clinical symptoms through the stomach route [33]. However, individuals with gastric diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer have colonization of M. abscessus [34]. Before the development of more effective anti-HIV treatment, the gut appeared to be one of the major portals of M. avium infection in AIDS patients with disseminated NTM disease [35].…”