Mycobacteria in Terrestrial Small Mammals on Cattle Farms in Tanzania

Durnez, Lies; Katakweba, Abdul; Sadiki, Harrison; Katholi, Charles R.; Kazwala, Rudovick; Machang’u, Robert R.; Portaels, F; Leirs, Herwig

doi:10.4061/2011/495074

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The control of bovine tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterioses in developing countries is difficult because of the existence of wildlife reservoirs (50, 124). Over the past 20 years, no cases have been reported in Namibian cattle although insignificant numbers have been recorded in poultry and suricate.…”

Section: Other Bacterial and Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonoses: a potential obstacle to the growing wildlife industry of Namibia

Magwedere

Hemberger

Hoffman

et al. 2012

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Zoonoses, which account for approximately 75% of emerging human infectious diseases worldwide, pose a re-emerging threat to public health. With an ever-increasing interrelationship between humans, livestock and wildlife species, the threat to human health will rise to unprecedented levels. Wildlife species contribute to the majority of emerging diseases; therefore, there is an urgent need to define control systems of zoonoses of wildlife origin but very little information exists. In this review, we examine prevalent zoonotic infections reported in Namibia between 1990 and 2009 and assess their potential impact on the growing wildlife industry. A wide spectrum of zoonotic diseases was confirmed in both livestock and wildlife species, with rabies and anthrax cases being over-represented and also showing the widest species distribution. Whilst vaccination and ante-mortem inspection against these diseases may curb infected livestock species from entering the human food chain, such practices are difficult to implement in free-ranging wildlife species. In this context, there is a need to improve existing control measures and/or develop novel and better interventional strategies to reduce the threat of this re-emerging global problem. This review provides the basis for initiating a multidisciplinary evidence-based approach to control zoonoses in countries with thriving wildlife and game farming.

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Section: Other Bacterial and Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonoses: a potential obstacle to the growing wildlife industry of Namibia

Magwedere

Hemberger

Hoffman

et al. 2012

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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“…Apart from M. microti, M. bovis was isolated from urban and wild rodents [14,15] and its ability to infect different species has been experimentally demonstrated [16]. Regarding NTM detection in small mammals, Map, M. intracellulare, M. gordonae, and M. chelonae have been isolated, among others [17,18]. Other studies have simultaneously detected the same species of NTM in livestock and cohabiting small mammals or even suggested a possible transmission of mycobacteria between them [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) Carrying Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Able to Infect Cattle and Interfere with the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

et al. 2020

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Mycobacterial infections caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are of great medical and veterinary relevance. The aim of this research was to study whether small mammals play a role in the epidemiology of mycobacterioses. Four samplings of 100 traps were performed in each of three cattle farms with previous history of tuberculosis or NTM between 2017 and 2018. A total of 108 animals belonging to seven species were trapped, classified, and necropsied, and tissues were submitted to microbiological and molecular methods for mycobacteria identification. The wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) was the most abundant species (87%). No MTC was detected but six different NTM were identified (M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. gordonae, M. celatum, M. fortuitum, and a not determined Mycobacterium sp.), showing a prevalence of 6.5%. No significant association was found between mycobacteria prevalence and the analyzed factors. Although a role in the epidemiology of MTC could not be attributed to small mammals, A. sylvaticus carries NTM that could be pathogenic or interfere with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. According to our results, there is a risk of NTM transmission at the wildlife–livestock interface through potential indirect contacts between small mammals and cattle.

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“…Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a bacterial and zoonotic disease, which was originally transmitted to cattle from wild animals especially buffalo and badger, and then spread to other domestic animals like cows, goats, pigs, horses, and sheep [2]. e disease has a great negative economic impact due to slaughtering of infectious animals when they acquire bTB [3]. Also, bTB causes human health problems which sometimes cost lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Tanzania, the disease prevalence varies from region to region depending on the number of livestock in a particular place and it ranges from 0.2%-13.3% [6,9]. e problem of not having surveillance data makes the estimation to be poor and difficult [3]. Places where bTB exist, includes Northern Tanzania (Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara), dairy farms in Kibaha, and some areas in Morogoro districts [3,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Bovine Tuberculosis

Sabini

Irunde²,

Kuznetsov

2020

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a bacterial and zoonotic disease which is transmitted through consumption of unpasteurized milk and uncooked meat and inhalation of aerosols. In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model is formulated to study the transmission dynamics of bTB in humans and animals. The basic reproduction number R0 is computed to determine the behavior of the disease. Stability analysis shows that there is a possibility for disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium to coexist when R0 = 1. To determine parameters which drive the dynamics of bTB, we performed sensitivity analysis. The analysis shows that the rate at which dairy products are produced, the rate of transmission of bTB from animal to animal, and the rates at which human acquires bTB from infectious dairy products and animals drive the transmission of bTB. However, the disease decreases as the rate of consumption of dairy products decreases. To control bTB, education campaign, inspection of dairy products, treatment of infected humans, and quarantine of infected animals are recommended.

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Mycobacteria in Terrestrial Small Mammals on Cattle Farms in Tanzania

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Zoonoses: a potential obstacle to the growing wildlife industry of Namibia

Zoonoses: a potential obstacle to the growing wildlife industry of Namibia

Detection of Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) Carrying Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Able to Infect Cattle and Interfere with the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Bovine Tuberculosis

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