Mycobacteria in Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Microbial Diversity for Screening the Occurrence of Clinically and Environmentally Relevant Species in Arid Regions

Amha, Yamrot M.; Anwar, Muhammad Zohaib; Kumaraswamy, Rajkumari; Henschel, Andreas; Ahmad, Farrukh

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05580

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…, M. algericum, M. arabiense, M. heraklionense ) have been cultured and identified from primary sludge samples of water treatment plants even after decontamination (Makovcova et al, 2015). M. avium, M. gordonae , and M. flavescens have been also been identified in non-traditional water sources including untreated, drinking well water in rural areas of Montana as well as in treated municipal wastewater from arid regions (Richards et al, 2015; Amha et al, 2017). Qualitative assessments were used to determine the risk of MAC exposure in Queensland, Australia, an area that utilizes rainwater catchment systems.…”

Section: Ntm In Non-canonical Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Their Contemporaneous Man-Made and Natural Niches

2018

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Seminal microbiological work of environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) includes the discovery that NTM inhabit water distribution systems and soil, and that the species of NTM found are geographically diverse. It is likely that patients acquire their infections from repeated exposures to their environments, based on the well-accepted paradigm that water and soil bioaerosols – enriched for NTM – can be inhaled into the lungs. Support comes from reports demonstrating NTM isolated from the lungs of patients are genetically identical to NTM found in their environment. Well documented sources of NTM include peat-rich soils, natural waters, drinking water, hot water heaters, refrigerator taps, catheters, and environmental amoeba. However, NTM have also been recovered in biofilms from ice machines, heated nebulizers, and heater-cooler units, as well as seat dust from theaters, vacuum cleaners, and cobwebs. New studies on the horizon aim to significantly expand the current knowledge of environmental NTM niches in order to improve our current understanding of the specific ecological factors driving the emergence of NTM lung disease. Specifically, the Hawaiian Island environment is currently being studied as a model to identify other point sources of exposure as it is the U.S. state with the highest number of NTM lung disease cases. Because of its geographic isolation and unique ecosystem, the Hawaiian environment is being probed for correlative factors that may promote environmental NTM colonization.

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Section: Ntm In Non-canonical Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Their Contemporaneous Man-Made and Natural Niches

2018

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“…Li et al [9] examined the level and diversity of bacterial pathogens in sewage treatment plants using a 16S rRNA amplicon-based metagenomic procedure. Quantitative PCR has also been applied for monitoring specific pathogens in wastewater [10]. More studies have applied the whole-genomeassembly scheme to detect one or multiple dominant pathogens, most of which were for viral detection in clinical samples [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic screening of microbiomes identifies pathogen-enriched environments

2019

Environ Sci Eur

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Background: Human pathogens are widespread in the environment, and examination of pathogen-enriched environments in a rapid and high-throughput fashion is important for development of pathogen-risk precautionary measures. In this study, a Local BLASTP procedure for metagenomic screening of pathogens in the environment was developed using a toxin-centered database. A total of 69 microbiomes derived from ocean water, freshwater, soils, feces, and wastewater were screened using the Local BLASTP procedure. Bioinformatic analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis were conducted to examine whether the toxins included in the database were taxonomically associated. Results: The specificity of the Local BLASTP method was tested with known and unknown toxin sequences. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that most toxins were phylum-specific but not genus-specific. Canonical Correspondence Analysis implied that almost all of the toxins were associated with the phyla of Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae and Firmicutes. Local BLASTP screening of the global microbiomes showed that pore-forming RTX toxin, ornithine carbamoyltransferase ArgK, and RNA interferase Rel were most prevalent globally in terms of relative abundance, while polluted water and feces samples were the most pathogen-enriched. Conclusions: The Local BLASTP procedure was applied for rapid detection of toxins in environmental samples using a toxin-centered database built in this study. Screening of global microbiomes in this study provided a quantitative estimate of the most prevalent toxins and most pathogen-enriched environments. Feces-contaminated environments are of particular concern for pathogen risks.

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“…Mycobacterium kansasii ( M. kansasii ) is a group I non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) ( Buhler and Pollack, 1953 ). These organisms are ubiquitous in the environment and are often found in aquatic settings ( Amha et al, 2017 ). Seven genotypes, or subtypes have been identified, along with an intermediate (I/II) and atypical (IIb) subtype ( Bakuła et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy for Mycobacterium kansasii Infection: Beyond 2018

2018

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The current standard of care therapy for pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection is isoniazid (300 mg/day), rifampin (600 mg/day), and ethambutol (15 mg/kg/day) for 12 months after achieving sputum culture negativity. Rifampin is the key drug in this regimen. The contribution of isoniazid is unclear since its in vitro MICs against M. kansasii are near the peak achievable serum levels and more than 100-fold greater than the MICs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol likely decreases the emergence of rifampin resistant organisms. There are several new drug classes (e.g., quinolones, macrolides, nitroimidazoles, diarylquinolines, and clofazimine) that exhibit antimycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis but have not yet been adequately studied against M. kansasii infections. The evaluation of in vitro activities of these agents as well as their study in new regimens in comparison to the standard of care regimen in mouse infection models should be undertaken. This knowledge will inform development of human clinical trials of new regimens in comparison to the current standard of care regimen. It is likely that shorter and more effective therapy is achievable with currently available drugs.

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Mycobacteria in Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Microbial Diversity for Screening the Occurrence of Clinically and Environmentally Relevant Species in Arid Regions

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Global Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Their Contemporaneous Man-Made and Natural Niches

Global Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Their Contemporaneous Man-Made and Natural Niches

Metagenomic screening of microbiomes identifies pathogen-enriched environments

Therapy for Mycobacterium kansasii Infection: Beyond 2018

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