Myco-Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles as Wound Healing and Antibacterial Agent: An In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation

Abstract

Bacterial-associated wound infections are an obstacle for individuals and the medical industry. Developing versatile, antibiotic-free therapies helps heal wounds more quickly and efficiently. In the current study, fungal metabolites were employed as a reducing agent in fabricating selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for improved antibacterial and wound healing properties. Utilizing UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopic examination, the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were extensively evaluated. Myco-synthesized SeNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL, reducing cell number and shape distortion in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. SeNPs’ topical administration significantly reduced wound area and healing time, exhibiting the least bacterial load after six days compared to controls. After six and 11 days of treatment, SeNPs could decrease proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α production. The histopathological investigation showed a healed ulcer with moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells after exposing mice’s skin to SeNPs for six and 11 days. The docking interaction indicated that SeNPs were highly efficient against the IL-6 and TNF-α binding receptors. These findings imply that myco-fabricated SeNPs might be used as topically applied antimicrobial agents for treating skin infections and wounds.

Nanoformulations in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications: Green Perspectives

“…Therapeutic Capabilities : In addition to their diagnostic functions, theranostic agents have therapeutic components designed to deliver targeted treatment. This could involve drugs, nanoparticles, or other therapeutic agents that are tailored to act on specific cells or tissues [ 356 , 357 ].…”

Selenium Compounds Affect Differently the Cytoplasmic Thiol/Disulfide State in Dermic Fibroblasts and Improve Cell Migration by Interacting with the Extracellular Matrix

“…By adding ~30 nM sodium selenite to mesenchymal stem cells, Heo demonstrated increased proliferation of these cells and enhanced anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties of exosomes in vitro and in vivo, which improved dermal fibroblast migration and wound healing [24]. Recently, other groups have demonstrated that topical application with inorganic selenium improved wound healing and collagen deposition in animal models [25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, it is still unclear if the selenium carrier, inorganic versus organic, is relevant to ECM production and its redox impact on living human fibroblasts.…”