MYCN in Neuroblastoma: “Old Wine into New Wineskins”

Braoudaki, Maria; Hatziagapiou, Kyriaki; Zaravinos, Apostolos; Lambrou, George Ι.

doi:10.3390/diseases9040078

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 232 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Other than the direct action of MYCN on cellular process leading to neuroblastoma, in the past few years, many epigenetic mechanisms have been discovered regulating MYCN with a specific role in HR-NB development [ 224 ]. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNA molecules that function as post-transcriptional RNA regulators [ 225 ].…”

Section: Mycn Determines High-risk Neuroblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methylation is another regulatory system used by cells to define gene expression and cellular function. While the correlation between MYCN and its methylation status in neuroblastoma is still unclear, many other genes involved in neuroblastoma transformation were well characterized in both MYCN amplified and non-amplified tumors [ 224 , 238 ]. Extensive methylation was found in many onco-suppressor genes with no particular correlation to MYCN status [ 239 ].…”

Section: Mycn Determines High-risk Neuroblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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MYCN Impact on High-Risk Neuroblastoma: From Diagnosis and Prognosis to Targeted Treatment

Bartolucci

Montemurro

Raieli³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Among childhood cancers, neuroblastoma is the most diffuse solid tumor and the deadliest in children. While to date, the pathology has become progressively manageable with a significant increase in 5-year survival for its less aggressive form, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) remains a major issue with poor outcome and little survivability of patients. The staging system has also been improved to better fit patient needs and to administer therapies in a more focused manner in consideration of pathology features. New and improved therapies have been developed; nevertheless, low efficacy and high toxicity remain a staple feature of current high-risk neuroblastoma treatment. For this reason, more specific procedures are required, and new therapeutic targets are also needed for a precise medicine approach. In this scenario, MYCN is certainly one of the most interesting targets. Indeed, MYCN is one of the most relevant hallmarks of HR-NB, and many studies has been carried out in recent years to discover potent and specific inhibitors to block its activities and any related oncogenic function. N-Myc protein has been considered an undruggable target for a long time. Thus, many new indirect and direct approaches have been discovered and preclinically evaluated for the interaction with MYCN and its pathways; a few of the most promising approaches are nearing clinical application for the investigation in HR-NB.

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Section: Mycn Determines High-risk Neuroblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycn Determines High-risk Neuroblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

MYCN Impact on High-Risk Neuroblastoma: From Diagnosis and Prognosis to Targeted Treatment

Bartolucci

Montemurro

Raieli³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…MYCN gene amplification occurs in approximately 20–25% of NB patients and is typically associated with a poor prognosis for high-risk disease ( Floros et al, 2021 ; Putra et al, 2021 ). Although MYCN performs critical role in the malignant phenotype of NB cells, it is extremely difficult to be targeted directly ( Otto et al, 2009 ; Braoudaki et al, 2021 ). Current treatments for MYCN amplification are mainly indirect targeting strategies involve in manipulating its transcription, translation, protein stability and target gene transcription ( Rickman et al, 2018 ; Ommer et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2022b ).…”

Section: Development and Application Of Nanoformulations For Several ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma

et al. 2022

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Neuroblastoma (NB), as the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, is one of the critical culprits affecting children’s health. Given the heterogeneity and invisibility of NB tumors, the existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are inadequate and ineffective in early screening and prognostic improvement. With the rapid innovation and development of nanotechnology, nanomedicines have attracted widespread attention in the field of oncology research for their excellent physiological and chemical properties. In this review, we first explored the current common obstacles in the diagnosis and treatment of NB. Then we comprehensively summarized the advancements in nanotechnology-based multimodal synergistic diagnosis and treatment of NB and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In addition, a discussion of the pending challenges in biocompatibility and toxicity of nanomedicine was conducted. Finally, we described the development and application status of nanomaterials against some of the recognized targets in the field of NB research, and pointed out prospects for nanomedicine-based precision diagnosis and therapy of NB.

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“…Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor encountered in children younger than 12 months of age [ 1 , 2 ]. Frequently, the tumor arises from the adrenal glands, but it can also be found anywhere along the paraspinal areas from the neck to the pelvis [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Forty percent to fifty percent of patients have metastatic disease or aggressive localized disease at the time of diagnosis [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Image-Defined Risk Factors with Clinical, Biological Features and Outcome in Neuroblastoma

et al. 2022

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Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor and the most common cancer encountered in children younger than 12 months of age. Localized tumors have a good prognosis, but some cases undergo treatment failure and recurrence. The aim of the study was to analyze the link between the neuroblastoma risk factors and the prognosis for patients diagnosed with NB. Method: All patients admitted to the department of Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, between 1 January 2010 and 1 July 2022 were included in this analysis when diagnosed with neuroblastoma. Results: Thirty-one patients with NB were admitted to the surgical department, 20 boys and 11 girls. We observed an association between large tumors and positive imaging-defined risk factor (IDRF) status; The Fisher test showed an association between the tumor’s diameter when bigger than 8 cm and a positive IDRF status, with p < 0.001. We supposed that positive IDRF status at diagnosis may be linked to other prognostic factors. We discovered that an NSE value over 300 was associated with IDRF status (p < 0.001, phi = 0.692) and death. Conclusions: This study confirms the impact of IDRF status at diagnosis as it can be clearly correlated with other risk factors, such as a high level of NSE, MYCN amplification status, large tumor size, incomplete tumor resection, and an unfavorable outcome.

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MYCN in Neuroblastoma: “Old Wine into New Wineskins”

Cited by 13 publications

References 232 publications

MYCN Impact on High-Risk Neuroblastoma: From Diagnosis and Prognosis to Targeted Treatment

MYCN Impact on High-Risk Neuroblastoma: From Diagnosis and Prognosis to Targeted Treatment

Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma

Association of Image-Defined Risk Factors with Clinical, Biological Features and Outcome in Neuroblastoma

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