Mycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis in immunocompromised patients – a case report and systematic literature review

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of this study was to review the available literature concerning Madura foot (“mycetoma”) caused by Madurella mycetomatis in immunocompromised patients. With a systematic literature search, we identified only three papers, describing a total of three immunocompromised patients. Hence, the clinical presentation and prognosis of the disease in this patient population have not yet been well described. In addition, we present a case from our institution, illustrating the complexity of the treatment of this rare disease. Although very rare in non-endemic countries, we emphasize that mycetoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of (immunocompromised) patients who have been residing in a geographical area where the disease is endemic and presenting with soft tissue inflammation of one of the extremities.

From a Radiologist’s Eye: a Case Report of Actinomycetoma of the Foot With Comprehensive Review of Literature

“…The presence of bone marrow edema without obvious cortical involvement or bone destruction can represent early involvement. Hoogervorst LA et al (29) reported noncontiguous disseminated small hypointense lesions scattered within the tibial bone marrow in an immunocompromised patient without any bone involvement. Advanced long term disease results in extensive osteolysis, sclerosis and bony ankylosis (23).…”