Myasthenia Gravis

Campbell, Harry; Bramwell, Edwin

doi:10.1093/brain/23.2.277

Cited by 67 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Since that time, it has been thought that MG was essentially a disease of young women. In a survey by Campbell and Bramwell in 1900, 54 patients with MG out of a total of 60 reported in the literature were <50 years of age at disease onset …”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-onset myasthenia gravis: A review when incidence in older adults keeps increasing

Alkhawajah

Oger

2013

Muscle Nerve

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We define late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG) when symptoms appear at ≥65 years of age. There has been a continuous increase in the incidence of LOMG with a clear male predominance. Commonly, patients present with focal (ocular or bulbar) weakness. A high index of suspicion required to achieve early diagnosis and to improve prognosis. Management options include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, steroids, and immunosuppressants. The most controversial issue in treatment is thymectomy, because not enough data are available. Successful treatment is associated with improved survival, and death is often secondary to comorbidities.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-onset myasthenia gravis: A review when incidence in older adults keeps increasing

Alkhawajah

Oger

2013

Muscle Nerve

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“…Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts hingegen, beobachten Campell and Bramwell [3] einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Myasthenie and der Akkommodation. 1999 veroffentlichte J. Cooper [5] einen Artikel, in dem er die Hypoakkommodation als Frahsymptom der Myasthenia gravis beschrieb.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Hypoaccommodation in childhood and young adult-hood

Koch¹,

Langmann²

2005

Spektrum Augenheilkd

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Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Die Hypoakkommodation im Kindes-and jungen Erwachsenenalter stellt ein noch unzureichend erforschtes Gebiet dar. Die Diagnose erfolgt aufgrund der zahlreichen Ursachen and der bei Kindern schwierig zu erhebenden Anamnese and Untersuchung meist verspatet.Methode: Retrospektiv werteten wir die Krankengeschichten von 131 Patienten der kinderophthalmologischen Ambulanz aus, bei denen eine Hypoakkommodation festgestellt worden war.Ergebnisse: Die Patienten wurden in vier grofle Gruppen eingeteilt. 54 Patienten (41%) ordneten wir der Gruppe der manifesten Schielformen and 38 Patienten (29%) der Gruppe der latenten Schielformen zu. In die dritte Gruppe fielen 10 Patienten (8%) mit Hypoakkommodation bei Orthophorie ohne Augenerkrankung oder sonstiger Pathologie. Bei 29 Patienten (22%) konnten verschiedene Erkrankungen als Ursache der Hypoakkommodation festgestellt werden.Schlussfolgerung: Bei Patienten im Kindes-and Prapresbyopenalter sollte bei Lesestorungen and Asthenopie an das Vorhandensein einer Hypoakkommodation gedacht werden. Neben Schielproblemen kommen verschiedenste okulare and zerebrale Erkrankungen als Ursache in Frage, eine weitere fdcheruberschreitende Durchuntersuchung war bei unseren Patienten aber nicht notwendig.Schlnsselworter: Hypoakkommodation, juvenile Presbyopie, Akkommodationsinsuffizienz, Asthenopie. Hypoaccommodation in childhood and young adulthood Summary. Background: Hypoaccommodation in childrenand youth is a nearly unknown field. Diagnosis often occurs too late because of the numerous causes and problems with children in performing case reports.Methods: Retrospective we analysed the case reports of 131 patients with hypoaccommodation, who were known at the ophthalmologic out-patient department.Results: We divided these patients into four large groups. 54 (41%) belonged to the group with manifest strabism and * Vortrag gehalten beim 36. Symposium aber Strabologie and Neuroophthalmologie der Osterreichischen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, Graz 2003.hypoaccommodation and 38 (29%) to the group of latent strabism and hypoaccommodation. The third subdivision compromised a number of 10 patients (8%) with orthophoria and hypoaccommodation. 29 patients (22%) showed other causes of hypoaccommodation. Conclusion: In children and youth hypoaccommodation is often connected with strabism, especially with latent strabism. In case of healthy young people with reading disabilities and asthenopia, the possibility of an existing hypoaccommodation should be considered to ensure an adequate therapy.

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“…Historically, integration reaction. absence of muscular atrophy in myasthenic Campbell and Bramwell (1900) and Montet bulbar paralysis had been one of the criteria by and Skop (1908) also mentioned atrophy of the which this disease was differentiated from other limb muscles in some patients. Pel (1904) forms of bulbar paralysis (Goldflam, 1893).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Neurogenic muscle involvement in myasthenia gravis: A clinical and histopathological study

Oosterhuis

Bethlem

1973

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SUMMARY An investigation was made into the occurrence of muscular atrophy and muscular pathology in a series of 170 patients with myasthenia gravis. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Of the 148 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, 14 showed local muscular atrophies. Of 10 biopsies from atrophic muscles, eight showed neurogenic changes, with or without lymphocytic infiltrations. One biopsy showed lymphocytic infiltrations only, and one showed type IL-fibre atrophy ( diameter in the female patients than in the controls. In the male patients this could not be proven. (5) Of the eight patients who had died without disorders of ventilation, 90 muscle specimens were examined postmortem. Four of these patients had a thymoma. Lymphocytic infiltrations, found in 32 biopsy specimens, were mostly observed in the presence of a thymoma. Neurogenic changes were apparently unrelated to the presence of a thymoma (Tables 5 and 6). The post mortem examination included the spinal cord in five, and peripheral nerves in three cases. No abnormalities were found. (6) The muscular atrophy found in patients with myasthenia is not a myopathy but an affection of the lower motor neurone. Neurogenic changes were regularly found in the muscles of patients with myasthenia, even without muscular atrophy. The finding of these changes is no reason to reject the diagnosis. It is postulated that denervation occurs at the neuromuscular junction as a result of permanent absence of acetylcholine.

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Myasthenia Gravis

Cited by 67 publications

References 1 publication

Late-onset myasthenia gravis: A review when incidence in older adults keeps increasing

Late-onset myasthenia gravis: A review when incidence in older adults keeps increasing

Hypoaccommodation in childhood and young adult-hood

Neurogenic muscle involvement in myasthenia gravis: A clinical and histopathological study

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