Governance, Natural Resources, and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding 2016
DOI: 10.4324/9780203109793-16
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Myanmar’s ceasefire regime: Two decades of unaccountable natural resource exploitation

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Cited by 6 publications
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“…The preconditions established in the 1990s-in particular policies of turning battlefields into marketplaces-set the stage for a series of events that triggered the land-cover regime shift in Tanintharyi. The importance of China and Thailand as Myanmar's trading partners increased when the United States and European Union imposed economic sanctions on Myanmar in response to the human rights abuses of the military government [64,65]. Immediately after Myanmar's military signed a series of bilateral resource trade and infrastructure deals with China in 1988, the Commander in Chief of the Thai Armed Forces became the first foreign dignitary to visit Myanmar since the military gunned down hundreds of pro-democracy student activists earlier that same year (the 8888 Uprisings).…”
Section: Triggersmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The preconditions established in the 1990s-in particular policies of turning battlefields into marketplaces-set the stage for a series of events that triggered the land-cover regime shift in Tanintharyi. The importance of China and Thailand as Myanmar's trading partners increased when the United States and European Union imposed economic sanctions on Myanmar in response to the human rights abuses of the military government [64,65]. Immediately after Myanmar's military signed a series of bilateral resource trade and infrastructure deals with China in 1988, the Commander in Chief of the Thai Armed Forces became the first foreign dignitary to visit Myanmar since the military gunned down hundreds of pro-democracy student activists earlier that same year (the 8888 Uprisings).…”
Section: Triggersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Tanintharyi, our results showed that the land-cover regime shift was induced by a punctuation pathway wherein the equilibrium was punctuated by decisive political events-armed conflict ceasefires, bilateral trade deals, road infrastructure development, granting of resource concessions, and enabling policies on land allocation and edible oils production-thereby transforming the formerly forest-dominated landscape into a new agricultural production-oriented landscape. Moreover, evidence indicated that the regime shift is irreversible given several prominent developments: increasing foreign investment following the initiation of democratic and capitalist transitions [75]; the subsequent lifting of Western sanctions to remove obstacles for foreign companies to invest in Myanmar [65,73]; and the 2012 Foreign Investment Law that included very significant liberalisation measures to encourage foreign direct investment in the natural resources extraction and agribusiness production sectors [80]; thus causing the agricultural production-oriented landscape to persist.…”
Section: Historical and Possible Future Drivers Of Land-cover Regime mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Under the 1991 'Wasteland Instructions', domestic investors were favored for allocation of up to 50,000 acres of what the state deemed to be 'vacant, fallow and virgin' (VFV) lands, earlier defined by colonial law as lands to which no use rights had been granted by the state (Ferguson, 2014). The promotion of agri-business, coupled with the military's rampant takeover of community land for defence and income-generation led to extensive confiscations across the country (Talbott et al, 2016).…”
Section: Myanmarmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the case of Sierra Leone, diamond resources have been central to the economy since the 1930s, and when the country's decade-long civil war ended in 2002, IMF estimates suggested that their revenues accounted for as much as 96 percent of all exports (IMF, 2009). Meanwhile in Burma, between 2008-2009, gas exports reportedly made up one-quarter of all exports (Talbott et al, 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%